General Home Buying Guides

Towel Warmers Buying Guide

Fabian — Fri, 02 Sep 2011 15:33:00 GMT

Towel Warmers Buying Guide

Towel warmers are a delightful luxury that can be used every day. They provide warm towels to dry off with right out of the shower, and also dry towels more quickly than you can by simply hanging them. Some models may even provide enough heat to warm the room. Many people also like to use them for drying wet bathing suits, pool towels, or clothing that can't be put through a standard clothes-dryer. Towel warmers are also ideal for warming up baby clothes and blankets, or warming up socks on cold winter mornings!

Cast iron water heated towel warmers first appeared in the US in the 1920's. Like many luxuries, they were quickly phased out during the hardships and shortages of The Depression. Even after the economy improved, towel warmers were slow to gain popularity again. They were largely unknown in the US until the 1990's, when homeowners began including them in bathroom remodeling projects and high-end hotels started incorporating them as a special feature for guests. Towel warmers have enjoyed wide popularity in Europe, where many hotels and B&B's offer this modest luxury in bathrooms. In recent years, towel warmers have been gaining a following in the US as well, with the market providing affordable household options as well as high-end luxury units. Many travelers who first experienced the comfort of warmed bathroom towels in Europe returned from their journeys with a determination to add a towel warmer to their own homes. Towel warmers can be hydronic like the original models, oil filled electric units, or dry electric filament heated, and they are available in a wealth of different styles.

Styles

Since gaining popularity in the 1990's, towel warmers have been made in a wide variety of different styles and finishes. They can be found shaped like a ladder, a set of horizontal or vertical slats, a serpentine pipe, a spiral that acts as a set of shelves to tuck towels between, warming tubes shaped to form actual shelves, coiled tubes that form a basket to hold a bundled up towel, and decorative shapes or construction that make the towel warmer into an artistic piece of the room's decor. Many premium companies even offer custom designs to specifically suit the customer's space and design sense. Finishes are available across the spectrum, from brass, to silver, aged bronze, white, and almost any color.

Widely Spaced Bars

While towel warmers can heat a towel to the perfect level of toasty warmth, getting that optimum result can take some experimentation with how to best hang the towels on the warmer. Since many towel warmers of both ladder and serpentine styles make use of widely spaced warming bars, there is a risk of having warm stripes on a towel that is otherwise room temperature. Such partial warming can be a huge disappointment, making it worse than no warming at all! Many sources recommend folding the towel to double or triple thickness before hanging it, or even layering folded towels over the bars. This provides an insulating factor so that the warmth stays in the towels and has a chance to spread through the fabric instead of dissipating quickly into the cooler air in the room. Widely spaced ladder or serpentine style towel warmers come in a wide range of sizes and designs. Prices also vary widely, from $30 to over $3000.

Closely Spaced Bars

Higher end towel warmers take many approaches to warm towels more thoroughly with less effort on the part of the user. Some offer a variety of high-end hydronic or electric towel warmers with an array of closely spaced slats or tubes. The close spacing allows more of the surface area of a draped towel to be directly heated. This way, even if the heat dissipates quickly, the warmth of the towel is continually renewed across its surface. Units are available as hydronic or electric, and wall mounted, floor mounted or free-standing. Prices vary widely, from around $300 to over $3000.

Spiral Shape

Spiral towel warmers use spirals that are evenly spaced to form horizontal shelves. This allows one folded towel to be tucked between each pair of spirals. The folded fabric acts as an insulator, holding in the heat that is radiated from the coils above and below the towel. Spiral towel warmers are available in a variety of sizes, from small units that can hold two towels to taller spirals with space for up to five towels. They are wall mounted, and are usually electrically powered. While smaller than many types of towel warmers, these units can also be more affordable, with prices commonly ranging from around $40 to $150.

Shelves

Many towel warmers include a shelf either at the top or bottom of the unit, but there are some smaller units that are conveniently formed into the shape of two shelves, where the user can stack folded towels between shelves and on top of the upper shelf. Again, because the towels are folded for use with this type of towel warmer, the fabric acts as an insulator to hold warmth effectively and spread it evenly from the warming bars through the entire towel. This type of towel warmer is large enough to hold a couple of towels, with great space efficiency. Of course, multiple units can be used by families with more towels to warm, and the wall mounted units are perfect for positioning in smaller bathrooms where space is at a premium. Shelf style towel warmers are usually electric, and may be plug-in or hardwired. Prices are fairly affordable, running around $120 for the most popular models.

Hinge Mounted

Hinge mounted towel warmers offer a solution to the problem of limited space in the bathroom. These serpentine shaped, electric powered towel warmers offer a space efficient way to hang towels with the added benefit of warming them for luxurious comfort. The unit can be mounted on any hinged door by simply popping the hinge pins, installing the towel warmer, and then replacing the hinge pins. The towel warmer is then ready for use, and does not interfere with the opening or closing of the door. This option is ideal for renters or homeowners who don't want to dril into the wall for a wall mount, but don't have space for a free-standing towel warmer. They are also quite affordable, at $80 to $100.

Technology

Early towel warmers were essentially radiators hooked up to the hot water heating system of the house. They circulated the same hot water used to heat the house, providing radiant heat to warm towels and the room at the same time. This technology is very efficient, since it draws on the existing heating system to serve additional purposes. Many modern units, now known as hydronic towel warmers, still use this method of warming with great success. Because of the plumbing involved, the installation process is more complex than with other self-contained units. Professional installation is recommended. In addition to being attached to the heating system, many hydronic towel warmers also use a pump to recirculate hot water. Hydronic towel warmers have valves where they connect to the home heating system so that the flow of hot water may be cut off if desired. This type of towel warmer can only operate while the home heating system is active, although some models may be operated even in the summertime by using a separate heating tube system and pump. Hydronic towel warmers may be wall or floor mounted, depending on the available space and design preferences.

Towel warmers may also be self-contained units that circulate oil rather than water. These electric towel warmers use a heating element to heat the oil which fills the entire frame. Electric oil filled towel warmers tend to take longer to heat up, since the oil starts at room temperature. They are quite effective, however, and can be used in homes with forced air heat as well as in places where the owner doesn't want to invest in the plumbing installation.

In addition to oil circulating units, there are towel warmers that use an electrical element throughout the warming bars rather than a circulating liquid. This can be a great option for buyers looking for a low maintenance unit, since there is no liquid to leak through any worn seals.

Either type of electrical unit may be free-standing, wall mounted, or hinge mounted, and they may either plug in to an outlet or be hardwired into the electrical system of the house. Stand-alone electric towel warmers can be a great option for users who expect to move and want to take the unit along with them.

Temperature and Safety

Hydronic towel warmers run at the same temperature that the water in the heating system is kept at, which places the temperature of the towel warmer entirely in the homeowner's control. It is generally recommended to keep the temperature from around 120 to 150 degrees Fahrenheit. As an adjunct to the heating system, it is safe to keep hydronic towel warmers running 24 hours a day, which also eliminates the need to wait for the towels to warm up in the morning. If needed, they are also equipped with valves to cut them off from the heating system, effectively turning off the flow of new hot water. If the towel warmer also uses a pump, don't forget it when turning the unit off.

Electric towel warmers generally don't offer temperature controls because they are designed to provide optimum warming for towels without exceeding safe temperatures. The electrical power draw is also minimal, with many models claiming to use less energy than a standard light bulb. Most manufacturers recommend leaving the towel warmer on constantly rather than turning it off when not in use. This way the user does not need to wait for the unit and their towels to warm up, and the towel warmer also provides some warming and dehumidifying benefits to the room it's placed in. Towel warmers are specifically designed to be safe for continuous operation. To reduce power consumption and wear and tear on the unit, it is recommended to turn them off if they will be unused for long periods of time.

Additional Uses

While towel warmers are designed and generally used primarily for warming towels, there are many other uses and benefits to be had from these safe, convenient warming devices. In humid climates or rooms prone to wetness, a towel warmer can help by reducing the moisture in the air. Reducing the relative humidity in this way can help to control mildew and mustiness to some extent. Depending on the size of the warmer, it may even produce enough heat to warm a bathroom to a comfortable temperature. Towel warmers can be used for warming clothes or baby clothes and blankets as well as towels, which can make those cold winter days and nights more bearable. The warmth produced by towel warmers also speeds drying, whether the user needs to dry towels, swim suits, wet mittens, or even delicates that can't go in a standard clothes dryer.

Sinks Buying Guide

Fabian — Thu, 25 Aug 2011 16:49:00 GMT

Sinks Buying Guide

Human creativity has taken the simple need for a sink in the kitchen/bathroom and has added several embellishments to make a myriad of options available to fulfill this need and then some. Innovative designs that are both practical and pleasing to the eye have churned out a huge selection over the years for the discerning consumer.

When you are out in the market looking for a bathroom sink don't be mystified if you hear the term 'lavatory' in this context. The term 'lavatory' is technically the correct term for a bathroom sink. This term has its roots in Latin coming from the word 'lavare' which means 'to wash.'

Basic Features to Evaluate in Kitchen and Bathroom Sinks

The size of the sink should be decided upon after taking all of your needs into account. Some kitchens may need deep sinks and some bathrooms might have space for just a very small one. The material the sink is composed of may also be decided upon based on the usage it will be subjected to.

Sinks for the kitchen and the bathroom come equipped with faucets that bring you both hot and cold water. Some also include a faucet with spray features. When choosing a kitchen sink you can choose the number of faucets you want and accordingly then decide on the shape of the sink to hold those faucets. Differing needs dictate the need for two or more faucets.

An important structural feature to be considered is the drain outlet. The function of the drain is basically to channel out used water. Sinks may include a strainer or a device that aids in blocking the drain. This helps in soaking dishes for a while before wash. Sinks are often also equipped with a device for overflow prevention.

And of course there is the design element to be considered. Several design houses have their own line of designer bathroom and kitchen sinks to indulge anyone's fancies.

Factors to Consider Before Choosing a Sink

When choosing kitchen sinks there are few considerations to be taken into account. Your needs and preferences will decide on the kind of mounting that is required.

A top mounted, or drop-in style sink is designed to fit into a space marked out for it in the counter-top. The size of the hole made for fitting the sink is measured in such a way that the rim of the sink will fit in neatly. Sealants are then used to ensure a sung fit.

Another option available is to install an under (or bottom) mount sink. This type of sink is installed below the counter top surface. This installation is preferred by those who like a contemporary look in their kitchen or bathroom. Silicon based sealants are used to ensure a leak proof finish. Top mount and bottom mount sinks are also used in bathrooms where a counter top is installed. The area below the counter top is usually converted into storage cabinets.

The third type of finish for counter top sinks is often referred to as a farm style sink as its usage gives a country decor look to the kitchen. In the farm style, or apron sink as it is also referred to, the front of the sink is aligned to the outer edge of the counter top leaving the sink front open. This is generally only used in kitchens.

For adding a contemporary look to a bathroom you can install a sink above the counter top. Taking this route will open a host of design options for you to choose from. A whole new segment of this style known as vessel sinks open out in front of you. A variety of materials and designs are characteristic of this segment, with endless combinations from which to choose.

The most common style of sink used in bathrooms is the pedestal sink. These have traditionally been made using vitreous clay or fire clay. Delicate and trendy porcelain pedestal sinks also look great in bathrooms with matching flooring and tiles. Today's designer bathrooms have given pedestal sinks a cool new look by using metal, glass and other materials. Free-standing pedestal sinks are now a common feature in bathrooms.

Wall mounted sinks are another option that customers have to choose from. While this is common in bathrooms it may also be chosen for kitchens with space constraints.

Factors to Consider When Choosing Material For Your Sink

Most contemporary kitchen sinks are made of stainless steel. The other materials that kitchen sinks are made of are porcelain or enamel over cast iron, granite, composite stone, and fireclay. The popularity of stainless steel is due to its durability and resulting cost effectiveness as well as its ease of maintenance. Stainless steel sinks are very resistant to damage by contact with both heat and cold. Sinks made using porcelain over cast iron are also quite durable.

Porcelain sinks are available in various colors and shapes. This fact makes them a very popular choice. Porcelain is also very resistant to heat and cold, hence it is ideal for use in the kitchens. The only feature where porcelain loses out to stainless steel is that porcelain is more susceptible to damage when compared to stainless steel. Enamel over cast iron gives an appearance that is similar to porcelain. These sinks are less expensive when compared to porcelain, but they are not as long lasting.

Granite, composite stone, and fireclay sinks are yet more options to choose from. These sinks are rugged and long lasting. Surface damage is less in these sinks when compared to porcelain sinks. However, these materials will need more maintenance. Composite sinks win over granite kitchen sinks as they are easy to clean. These sinks are made to look like granite but unlike granite have a stain resistant surface.

Copper sinks are also used in both kitchens and bathrooms. Several manufacturers also offer plastic sinks. These are inexpensive, but prone to damage by contact with heat. Plastic sinks are not suitable for kitchens, but can be used in bathrooms.

Accessories and Inbuilt Features in Kitchen Sinks

Once the material for the sink is decided upon you can turn your attention to other features like size, number of bowls, number of taps and bowl orientation. Depending on the usage you foresee you can opt for specific designs. Sinks with deep bowls will come in handy if you tend to use large cooking pots. A high set shallow bowl between two bowls will come in handy when washing vegetables. Accessories like draining boards, sprayers and such can also be incorporated into your kitchen sink unit.

Price Range

Kitchen Sinks

Unbranded stainless steel sinks measuring 13"x15" will cost in the range of $40 and higher. Manufacturers like Blanco, Kohler and Kindred have single bowl stainless steel sinks in the $120-$250 price range. Sinks made from other materials are also available in this price range. Slightly bigger stainless steel sinks and sinks made from other materials from any top manufacturer will cost at least $200 for a basic sink.

Additional accessories such as cutting boards and pop-up waste baskets will also raise the price. Stainless steel double bowl sinks from a reputable manufacturer will usually cost over $300. Bowls with less depth and made using a lesser grade of steel can be purchased for $160- $200. A simple single bowl top mounting porcelain kitchen sink from a manufacturer like American Standard can be found in the price range between $125 and $225. An apron style large single bowl sink from a top manufacturer will cost upwards from $675.

Bathroom Sinks

Where the low end of the spectrum can find you a pedestal sink for your bathroom for around $100, the choice that opens up as the prices increase offers customers good value for their money. Top manufacturers like Kohler, Franke, Porcher, American Standard, Blanco, Aquabrass, Moen and others offer a vast range of products from simple functional bathroom sinks to breathtaking designer pieces.

Stylish glass vessel sinks can make your bathroom look glamorous. Glass sinks are available from about $200 for basic pieces to $5000 for custom-made designs. A glass countertop sink mounted on a carved marble base from a top manufacturer like Madera or Eljer Cornice can cost $650 and more. Stone sinks are the other option for countertop mounting and are available in the price range between $500 and $1000. Sinks made from copper are also becoming more popular on the design scene. These sinks can be purchased in the $400-$800 price range. While they are beautiful, keeping these sinks bright and shiny can be quite a challenge.

The most affordable and common choice for countertop bathroom sinks is porcelain, and these are available from $150 onwards. Some designer bathrooms feature specially treated wooden sinks. These sinks start at a minimum of $500 and can go up to $5000 for custom made designs.

The needs of theme specific bathrooms are met with the use of sinks in specific designs and colors. Amusing shapes for children's bathrooms and exotic shapes for other themes are supplied by several manufacturers upon request.

Caring For Your Sinks

Stainless steel sinks are the easiest sinks to take care of. A vigorous rub down with any cleaning agent can give you a perfect, sparkling surface. Porcelain is also easy to maintain, but may require some amount of stain removal occasionally. Standard stain removers are generally sufficient for this purpose. Glass sinks are easy to clean, but they need to be cleaned with care as the surface can be easily damaged. Standard cleaning solutions prove to be quite suitable for glass sinks. When it comes to maintaining sinks made out of stone it is best to use a stone cleaner solution available specifically for the purpose. It would be a good idea to maintain your stone sink in a polished state since salt, lime and detergent build up on polished surfaces is minimal. Any spills should be wiped up immediately as the surface is porous and the spill may leave a stain.

Copper reacts to the environment and develops a natural patina with age. If you like the natural look, time will do the job. However, if you are partial to a shiny copper look, you will have to wipe the sink after each use and use special solutions to maintain it. Copper has a unique anti bacterial quality and is thus considered to be a very sanitary choice. Plastic sinks are easy to maintain, but the surface tends to get worn with increased usage. Certain substances can leave stains on plastic that are hard to remove.

Cabinet Hardware: Getting to Know the Basics

Andrew — Mon, 22 Aug 2011 15:57:00 GMT

Cabinet Hardware: Getting to Know the Basics

Many homeowners fret over the kitchen cabinets. They can serve as both focal point and style-setter for the entire space. In many ways they define the overall stylistic feel of the home. Your selection of material, finish, and design are important, but these are not your only considerations. Upon choosing cabinets, you must also choose the cabinet hardware. Knobs, pulls, hinges, and latches can change not only the overall look of the cabinets but also how they are used, so it is important to pin down your kitchen needs and your style desires before making a selection.

Cabinet Hinges

Selection of your cabinet hinges will depend largely on the type of cabinets you have in your home. Style and function matter, but whether you have frame or frameless cabinets will matter more.

Face frame cabinets are built with a hardwood frame on the face, which hides the ends of side panels, provides added stability and acts as a strong base on which the hinges can be attached. Bottom face frame cabinets may not need a top panel because the frame provides significant structural strength. Cabinet doors close flush with the frame or are completely or partially overlaid on the frame.

Frameless, or European cabinets, feature the same material for all pieces of the cabinet-sides, top, bottom and back. There is no frame to conceal the front edges, and cabinet doors completely overlap the front edges of the box, creating the appearance of an unbroken surface.

Most hinges cost between $2 and $15 each, with price variations due to size and quality, not style. However, surface mount hinges, which are totally visible, may have decorative detailing that will affect price, which can range from $2 to $40 per hinge.

Overlay Hinges

Overlay hinges are for use with frameless cabinets and full overlay doors. The hinge's two wings are attached to the inside wall of the cabinet and the back of the door, making the hinge invisible when the door is closed. Overlay hinges are more functionally significant than aesthetically important.

Wrap Hinges

When using a wrap hinge for a partial overlay door, only the knuckle and pin show when the door is shut. The door wing attaches to the back of the door, but the frame wing may wrap around two or three sides of the frame before attaching on the side or back. Since wrap hinges aren't invisible, they are available in a variety of finishes and may have some decorative elements.

Flush Hinges

Flush or full inset hinges are appropriate for face frame cabinets where the door is fully flush with the frame. The wings are attached to the cabinet's interior sides and door, with the knuckle and pin showing when the door is shut. Like wrap hinges, flush hinges are available with various finishes and pin decorations.

Face Frame Hinges

Face frame or face mount hinges, like flush and wrap hinges, are only partially concealed and therefore available in a range of styles and finishes. The door wing attaches to the back of the door, while the frame wing is mounted visibly on the front of the frame, showing along with the pin and knuckle.

Surface Mount Hinges

Surface mount hinges are totally visible, as both wings are mounted on the outside of the cabinet. High visibility means a large style variety, and a wide range of colors and finishes.

Self-Closing Hinges

A self closing hinge, available as a flush or face mounted hinge, is an undeniably convenient piece of cabinet hardware.

Getting a Handle on Cabinet Knobs and Pulls

Knobs and pulls provide an easy mechanism for grasping and opening the cabinet. Knobs are mounted to the cabinet with a single screw and bolt, while pulls are longer, and require a screw and bolt at each end. Both knobs and pulls can be directly attached to the cabinet door or drawer or can be placed on a back plate, which provides an accent and some protection to the cabinet.

In general, buyers will choose the same style of knob or pull for every door or drawer, but alternating selections or developing a theme can be an interesting project.

Because there are nearly unlimited style options, buyers are often tempted to choose something safe, simple, and cheap. It's true that a basic brass pull or plastic knob may be just what your home needs, but it's beneficial to consider a broad range of materials and styles. Here, we've listed the most common material options.

Metal

Metal can be worked in a variety of ways, making it one of the most versatile fixture materials. Metal is strong even when stretched and shaped and is therefore ideal for customization.

Brass

Brass, an alloy of copper and zinc, is popular for its durability, strength and manipulability. Brass knobs and pulls are available in gold, silver or copper tones. It can come with an antique finish or high shine and in many shapes. Small and basic styles begin at $1, while elaborate styles may cost over $100 each.

Copper

Copper, which has a familiar reddish tone, adds a sophisticated, beautiful accent to any kitchen and is available in a variety of shapes. A darker patina will accent the details of the design, while an antique finish provides a brushed, classic appearance. Copper is not as well suited as other materials to be used for larger pulls, so its price range is smaller, with knobs and pulls ranging from $1 to $30 each.

Bronze

Bronze is generally mixed with tin or other minerals and has a distinct dark tone that complements an antique style kitchen. Highly polished bronze complements several types of wood. Bronze, like brass, is easily customized and can cost between $1 to $100 per knob or pull.

Iron

Iron is extremely strong and versatile. Iron knobs and pulls can be formed into intricate shapes and finished into a high polished silvery or flat black, making them significant style enhancements. Basic mass produced iron knobs will begin at $3, while less common shapes, finishes and qualities will cost up to $100. Because iron can be shaped with such detail, many artists produce customized knobs that cost significantly more than $100.

Other Materials

Ceramic

Ceramic knobs are easily maintained and durable and have a clean, classic style. Available most commonly in a standard white, they can also be found in a variety of patterns, colors and textures. Ceramic knobs and pulls often consist of a metal or wood base and a ceramic insert, but are also available as stand-alone knobs.

Crystal

Crystal knobs and pulls provide a simple and elegant way to add a bit of sparkle and brightness to any kitchen. Most are clear or frosted and shaped as a modified sphere, though they can also be purchased in geometric shapes or customized for the buyer's taste. For example, if your kitchen has a flower theme, crystal knobs can add shine and a break from the general colors of the theme. Crystal knobs and pulls, especially those from makers like Swarovski, may reach $50 each in price. However, more affordable crystal can be found starting at $3 each.

Glass

Glass, like crystal, adds some classy sparkle to a kitchen, but this material is even more customizable. Glass is easy to shape and takes color easily, making it inexpensive and widely available in many styles. Glass knobs and pulls generally cost $3 to $25 each, depending on quality and style.

Stone

Stone is more difficult to work with than other materials, making stone more expensive than other options. Still, stone knobs and pulls introduce a unique element of style to your kitchen, especially as a complement to granite countertops. Stone knobs range in price from $5 to $40 each, depending on stone style, type, and size. Basic granite knobs cost about $20 each, often less.

Plastic

Plastic knobs and pulls, at $1 to $4 each, are less durable than other knobs. While available in a variety of colors, styles are limited and basic. Plastic offers an inexpensive option, but less customizability.

Wood

Wood knobs are available in a plethora of styles, varieties, shapes and colors and are a perfect complement to wood cabinets. Wood, like metal, has many types, including mahogany, cherry and oak. Buyers can choose a high quality finish or no finish at all, so the knob is able to be perfectly matched to the cabinets. Wood knobs cost between $1 and $10 each, though higher quality or many custom attributes may cost more.

The Bottom Line

Both style and function play an important role in choosing cabinet hardware, so the process can involve many decisions. Whether shopping for hinges, knobs, or both, be sure to evaluate your cabinet to decide what you need and consider your style to decide what you want. Keep in mind how many cabinets you will be outfitting to determine budget. When in doubt, test them out. Hold the knob in your hand to evaluate texture, or ask to see a self-closing hinge in action. With so much variety in cabinet hardware, careful consideration can be the key to getting you exactly what you imagined.

Keeping in Style with Door Hardware

Andrew — Thu, 18 Aug 2011 20:17:00 GMT

Keeping in Style with Door Hardware

Day in and day out, the hardware that complements your door-- the knobs, locks, latches and hinges -- faithfully perform their jobs. Deadbolts, door stops, kick-push plates and door bells all play their parts, too. Should you choose to replace the hardware in one, many or all of your doors, it is important to account for budget, style and function.

Open and Shut Case - Door Hinges

When replacing hardware, consider the most functionally significant pieces of the door first: the hinges and knobs. Hinges can be basic or stylish, but very little of the hinge shows when the door is closed, so many buyers match the hinges to the handle, rather than the other way around. The wings of each hinge are attached to the inside edge of the door and the wall and joined by either a knuckle and pin set-up (which can be finished with finials for decoration) a ball bearing, or a lift-off arrangement. This set-up will be visible from the room into which the door provides entry. Hinges vary in price, from $10 to $20 per pair for a basic set to $300 for an extremely high quality, decorative set.

Door Handle Options

Door handles are generally sold in packages called handlesets or locksets, which can include just the handle and latch or the handle, latch and lock.

A handle without a lock or latch is called a knob or pull and is generally inexpensive on its own. However, more decorative, stylistic options are available for higher prices. If you are interested in researching knob or pull materials, please see "cabinet hardware," here.

A common choice for an interior door hardware purchase is a handle set that includes a latch bolt. The latch bolt projects from the door and has a beveled edge. When the door closes, the latch bolt latches into the doorjamb to keep the door shut. This mechanism usually allows for easy opening, as well.

For interior doors that homeowners wish to lock (such as bathroom or bedroom doors), handle sets with privacy locks are advisable. Privacy locks can only be engaged from the room's interior and often come with a tool for emergency release, useful in homes with children.

Handle sets and locksets for exterior doors are available with various security measures. Most include a lock with keys, while others include an integrated deadbolt lock. The handle may be a knob, a lever, or a loop handle with a lever to work the latch and can come in a variety of materials, colors, designs, and sizes. Most exterior handle sets and locksets are more extravagant than interior handles, as the home's front entrance provides that all-important first impression.

Sliding door handles are specifically designed for the sliding motion and will sometimes include either a simple latch lock that can be turned by hand from the interior or with a key from the exterior.

Handle sets and locksets may be cheap or expensive, basic or ornate. Depending on manufacturer, availability, style, size, features and quality, handle sets and lock sets can cost between $5 and $500.

Door Security Tips

Security features

Exterior handle sets include a lock, but many homeowners or renters opt for added security by purchasing a deadbolt or door chain.

Deadbolts

Deadbolts are generally separate from the door handle and can be engaged from the inside by a lever or thumb-turn and unlocked from the exterior using a key. The deadbolt's bolt is not to be confused with a latch bolt: it is not beveled and cannot be pushed in with simple pressure, but must be retracted by a key or significant turn. The metal used for deadbolts vary; choosing one should have more to do with durability, strength and budget than appearance. While a basic deadbolt will cost between $10 and $100, some deadbolts come in handle sets that can add elegant and class to any door and may reach $300.

Door Chains and Guards

Door chains and door guards provide a narrow crack through conversations and visibility between persons on either side of the door can be achieved. Door chains and guards are attached to the inside of the door and the wall. Since the door must be completely closed for the chain or guard to disengage, they provide a measure of security to those who wish to peek outside. Door chains and guards generally purchased strictly for functional purposes. They can cost between $5 and $20.

Stopping Power - Door Stops

The term door stop refers to two distinct pieces of hardware that serve different purposes: the bumper and the immobilizer.

Door Bumpers

Bumper stops can be mounted to the door, wall, floor or hinge and are meant to keep a forcefully opened door from having an impact on the wall. Bumpers prevent scratches, chips and stains on paint and wallpaper or other door hardware. They also protect the wall and door from dents. For this reason, all styles and varieties of bumpers have one thing in common: a soft, durable, strong rubber surface. Most door stops are cheap, starting at $1, but some more fancy or modern types might cost up to $40.

One common bumper style is a short metal shaft made of a tight metal coil with an added spring. Mounted near the floor, this type of stop is positioned so that when the wall and door are touching it they are not touching each other.

Another bumper type is a half-dome, which is mounted to the floor so the rubber dome side softly stops the door's swing. The stop is positioned on the floor so that the door can be fully opened without touching the wall.

A new bumper style, the hinge-pin door stop, has an eye that allows it to be mounted on a hinge-pin without interfering with hinge operation. Because hinges are not highly visible, the hinge-pin stop is similarly hidden, allowing the convenience and protection of a door stop without the visible bumper.

Immobilizing Door Stops

Immobilizing stops are generally used to prop open doors, which can be particularly helpful for rooms with a tilted floor or continued breeze. Immobilizing door steps are designed to be easily movable, to avoid becoming an eyesore in situations when their use is not required and company is present.

Wedge door stops consist of a wedge-shaped piece that can be made from a variety of materials, like rubber, wood or plastic. When the pointed end is inserted under the door, the wedge puts pressure against the door and its hinges to prevent movement. For full stopping power, the wedge should be used when the door is fully open. A wedge door stop is lightweight, easily moveable and can sometimes add an element of style.

Other immobilizing door stops are often just very heavy objects and can be improvised with objects like textbooks or large paperweights. However, stylish versions specific to the function are generally made of metal, ceramic or stone and may be highly decorative.

Ring the Bell, Kick the Plate

Door bells are both a convenience and a statement of style. They can range from mechanical push buttons on the doorstep to fancy electronic door chimes with elaborate designs. Some door bells light up while others signal their operation to multiple rooms throughout the home. Depending on style and quality, door bells range in price from $20 to $200, sometimes more.

Door kick or push plates protect the door from the wear that daily pushing and use may cause. They vary in price, but in general, a higher quality (more durable) kick or push plate will cost $60 to $70.

The Bottom Line

Updating your door hardware gives you an opportunity to add a touch of flare and class to your home. It's also a way to boost home security. Whether you are looking at a simple handle, new doorbell or a swapping out an obsolete lockset, take some time to scan all the options and consider how your new door hardware is going to integrate with existing hardware and your home's decor.

What is a HEPA Air Purifier? Understanding Air Purifier Terminology

Andrew — Tue, 16 Aug 2011 19:19:00 GMT

What is a HEPA Air Purifier? Understanding Air Purifier Terminology

Day to day, we don't see it or smell it. We don't taste it or invite it to settle on our clothing. Until a wayward morning sunbeam hits it just right, we don't even know for sure that it's there. But every cubic foot of air in urban living spaces contains 3 million particles of it: dust. A blanket term that refers to many types of particulates including pet dander, spores, mites, and smoke residue, dust is a stealthy enemy, especially indoors. Because most houses in America are sealed against heat losses and gains, indoor air quality suffers. Indoor air, according to the EPA, is five to six times as polluted as the air outside. A high quality air purifier is one of the most effective means to increasing indoor air quality.

Breathing Easy - Understanding Purifier Phrases

Some advertisements and even manuals will be chock full of these acronyms, so to keep them straight come shopping time, refer to this list:

HEPA Filters

Highly Effective Particle Arresting filters. These are exactly what they sound like-- dust fighting machines. These filters have been certified as capable of removing most types of air-borne allergens.

ACH Ratings

Air Changes per Hour. This rating refers to the number of times air is circulated through the filter per hour.

AHAM Accreditation

Air purifiers earn an Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers accreditation if they adhere to certain manufacturing standards. These standards are generally submitted for consideration as American National Standards, and can be found here.

CADR Numbers

CADR stands for Clean Air Delivery Rates, which are allotted by the AHAM.

VOCs

Volatile Organic Compounds are chemicals in several commonly used homecare products. Benzene, ethylene, toluene, formaldehyde, etc., all fall under this category. These chemicals, often found in paint, cleaning supplies, glues, etc., have the potential to turn into particulate allergens.

Air Purifier Types

There are four main types of purifiers available for purchase, classified by the filtering mechanism.

Mechanical

Air purifiers of this type use a HEPA filter, which health experts have found to be highly effective, and/or a carbon charcoal filter. Mechanical purifiers use a fan to pull air through the filter. This can be very efficient but also noisy.

Electronic

Using ionizers to remove suspended particles from air, the electronic purifier charges the particles and then collects them.

This process is performed in one of three ways:

Fans inside the purifier draw air into a chamber, where the particles are ionized (i.e. positively charged), and then attracted to negatively charged surfaces as the air is directed out of the air purifier. Air purifiers of this kind are called electrostatic models.

In electret air purifiers, an already-charged filter is fitted in the air purifier, attracting particles as the air passes through. The third type of electronic purifier is a negative ionizing purifier, which discharges negatively charged particles into the room, where they settle onto the couch cushions and curtains, leaving air safe to breathe in.

The electrical charge purifying process releases small amounts of ozone, which has the potential to be highly toxic, and can be especially harmful in homes with allergy or asthma sufferers.

Combination

Combination air purifiers use at least two kinds of filters, generally HEPA and charcoal or activated carbon filters, which absorb odors and gases as well. Some models might use several pre-filters, ionizers and a fan.

Hybrid Air Purifiers

Hybrids have two chambers inside of a metal box, which is then attached to the central heating or cooling duct of a home. The air passes through filters on top of the box's lower chamber, and then into the room.

Home Air Purifiers: Choosing the Right Size

As with any appliance, finding the appropriate air purifier for your home depends on many factors, including size, ratings, cost, and sensitivity of the user to particulates.

All purifiers are made for specified square footage, so be sure to take measurements of the room or rooms before buying and to purchase a purifier with either the same or larger coverage as the room size. For those who suffer from allergies or asthma, purchasing a purifier with an ACH rating of 6 or 8 is advisable. The CADR (Clear Air Delivery Rate) number is important in evaluating overall performance, and can be found in the AHAM accreditation report.

Refills and replacements are always a factor in air purification, so considering cost and frequency of replacements is important in determining efficiency. Some purifiers include dishwasher safe filters. Combination purifiers will need replacements for both types of filters at different times. Compare manufacturer's annual maintenance programs and replacement dates to ensure the greatest value. To this end, remember that purifiers must run continuously to be effective, therefore adding to the home's utility bill. Look for an energy efficient purifier, generally indicated by an Energy Star label. (See Cost section below.)

Considering the noise level of the purifier can be difficult without a demonstration, so ask in store about viewing the machine in operation. Purifiers labeled "quiet operation" may be slightly more expensive, but are ideal for bedrooms and living rooms.

Finally, as with any appliance, warranties are optional, but recommended. If the warranty does not cover motors or fans, it's much less useful to the consumer. Ideally, a warranty will also cover filter replacements, so look for a manufacturer that focuses on filter warranties, as well as motor and fan.

Air Purifier Prices & Understanding Size

Size, quality, and type of air purifier significantly affect the price range. For every 250 square feet to be covered, the purifier must be capable of processing approximately 100 CFM (cubic feet per minute). Tabletop air purifiers come in small sizes that have a 100-150 CFM rating, whereas room models generally start at 400 CFM.

Certain compact tabletop air purifiers, manufactured by Rubbermaid, Homes, and others, can give coverage for up to 200 sq ft, and are usually HEPA filter based. These can be purchased cheaply, in the $15-$30 range.

Quiet purifiers for smaller rooms (with coverage from 200 to 500 square feet) cost between $50 and $100. Again, a common feature is a replaceable HEPA filter system.

For $100 to $200, the compact purifiers will come with extra features, like replacement indicators, germicide or odor reducing filters. Climbing up the price ladder, $200 to $300 can purchase mid-sized purifiers designed for a 400 to 500 square foot space. Austin, Sharp, Whirlpool and other manufacturers tend to include quiet run and replacement indicators in these higher-end purifiers.

$300-$500 will purchase larger units capable of purifying rooms that measure up to 600 sq ft. For this price, purifiers that can be integrated with current heating/cooling systems are also available. One substantial benefit of these larger units is their sleek look, which allows the unit to become part of, rather than take away from, the room's decor.

Spending over $600 will grant consumers access to the best, most efficient, and largest range models available. These models have the ability to remove not only dust and pollen, but potentially hazardous gases, bacteria, and viruses from the home. While HEPA filters suffice for allergy and asthma sufferers, germicide filters may be useful for users with specific medical conditions.

Bottom Line

There are many factors to consider before purchasing an air purifier, most of which are specific to the user and the space. Still, nothing beats prevention. Dusting regularly, as well as refraining from smoking indoors, will go a long way toward minimizing indoor pollutants. In the event that those practices are not enough, consider all things-- size, price, type, warranty, AHAM reports, and overall value-- before choosing the purifier that will best meet your needs.

The Benefits of Owning a Humidifier

Fabian — Thu, 11 Aug 2011 20:28:00 GMT

The Benefits of Owning a Humidifier

Owning a humidifier is an easy and reliable way to defend against the effects of allergies, colds, chapped lips, or itchy eyes. Indoor winter air, when heated, loses moisture and can aggravate these cold, dry weather health problems. It can also produce annoying static shock and cling around the home. Selecting the right humidifier, specific to your needs, will alleviate many of these problems, making winter (and summer) dry air much more manageable.

All Dried Up - Proper Humidity

Recommendations for ideal home humidity vary widely depending on the source. In general, between 30 percent and 50 percent should be appropriate. Humidity levels over 50% can encourage mold growth and dust mite infestation; allergy sufferers will probably prefer lower humidity. As a short-term way to soothe respiratory irritation, a higher level of indoor humidity is acceptable. Determining your needs will involve testing different ranges of humidity and examining your reactions. If you feel no relief or increase in comfort maintaining 30 percent humidity, perhaps a higher level will make the difference.

For conserving works of art and preserving wood structural pieces of the house, most sources recommend a corresponding humidity level no lower than 30 percent, and no higher than 50.

The Mist, Method and Size of Humidifier Comfort

There are several types of humidifiers that perform the same function in different ways, with different materials. Size and method of dispersing mist are important considerations in choosing the humidifier best suited to your home. Cool mist units are best for humidifying large spaces or multiple rooms. Most use a wick--made of one of several materials-- to draw water up from the reservoir. A fan then forces air through the wick, where the air becomes moist and is subsequently dispersed into the room. The fan factor of a cool mist unit makes it noisier than a warm mist unit, but because cool mist humidifiers often cover a larger area, they can always be stuck in a different room, away from your ears but still within breathing distance. These humidifiers don't have heating mechanisms, so less residue occurs, meaning less cleanup.

The warm mist humidifier (ideal for those suffering from congestion) produces vapor through boiling the water inside the reservoir. As a safety precaution, the steam is generally cooled slightly before the air reaches the room. Because they do not use a fan, warm mist humidifiers are quieter than their cool mist counterparts, though the sound of the water boiling may be audible at higher settings. The boiling process aids in preventing bacteria growth, keeping the mist clean. Some units come with a mineral absorption pad for hard water. Because hard water can cause scale even with this option, warm mist units may require more frequent cleaning.

Ultrasonic humidifiers generally produce cool mist, but some models offer cool and warm mist options in the same unit. In ultrasonic humidification, a film of water is passed over a rapidly vibrating transducer, which breaks up the water and disperses it into the air with little noise. If you become concerned with impurities being dispersed with the water in this process, combat that possibility with anti-microbial coatings and clean filters. Some models even boast nanotechnology products that ensure clean moisture. Ultrasonic models come in large, mid-size, and even travel size, and as such are the most versatile humidifiers.

If the main goal is to humidify a bedroom for more comfortable sleeping conditions, a small humidifier will perform well. Tabletop humidifiers are small enough for portability and storage. Their water reservoirs generally hold between one and four gallons, best for humidifying one room. Tabletops are available in a variety of sizes, and with warm or cool mist, though warm is generally ideal for small rooms.

Central humidifiers can be attached to central air or heating systems in homes with forced air heating. Because central units are also hooked into the water pipes of the home, refilling the reservoir is never a concern. Though central humidifiers require less maintenance, the initial installation may be more expensive than that of other units.

Hygrometers and Other Humidifier Features

Because all humidifiers will achieve their central purpose, choosing extra features should be based specifically on your needs and preferences. Some features include added tank capacity, easy filling or cleaning, and a wider range of adjustable humidity levels. Variations of humidifier standard extras are also available.

A hygrometer, a device that measures and displays the humidity level, is standard modern humidifier fare. With some models, the user can set the hygrometer to a target humidity level, which will allow the unit to maintain conditions according to its internal measurements. This is essential for daily use. There is potential for small inaccuracies because of the hygrometer's restricted range, but if this is a concern manufacturers also produce stand-alone devices.

Because moisture has a reputation of encouraging bacteria growth, most manufacturers produce anti-microbial features, which both reduce cleaning frequency and keep the user healthy. Warm mist humidifiers inherently kill germs (boiling water), but adding a microbial coating to the unit's lining is a good idea for both warm and cool mist units. Some models use UV light to treat the water as it enters the tank, killing mold and bacteria. Several water treatment additives that can kill germs also can help control mineral buildup. Do not add anything to the water of a humidifier without checking that it is compatible with that type. Compatibility should be listed on the product.

In warm mist humidifiers, hard water can be a problem, but again, a variety of humidifiers offer solutions, like mineral absorption pads.

The Price on Quality

Depending on features, size, and type, humidifiers vary greatly in price. Generally, larger humidifiers, those with several extra features, and those that employ new technology are more expensive. A travel size ultrasonic unit can cost between $50 and $100, while basic tabletop warm or cool mist units are available for as low as $30. Combination air purifier/humidifiers are available in the range of $150 to $300.

Most console humidifiers fall into the $100 to $200 range, while in-duct or central humidifiers are more expensive still, ranging from $150 to $300, plus installation fees and filter costs.

Bottom Line

Purchasing a humidifier is just one step you can take to soothe winter and dry air problems like dry skin and persistent cough, but it may be the most reliable. Finding and operating a unit that is right for your home will require careful consideration of your needs, and a little experimentation. Try different humidity levels for different days or nights, and stick with the one that works for you.

Roofing Materials

pmrockza — Tue, 09 Aug 2011 14:51:00 GMT

Roofing Materials

Tile has a distinctive look. Photo courtesy of Stephan Pletzko.

If you’re going to be constructing or installing a new roof, it’s helpful to consider the various options you have when it comes to roofing materials. In fact, education is key for consumers, according to Fred Goulet the owner of Desjardins Roofing in Exeter, NH, a company that has been providing roofing materials and full roofing services since 1970.

“The biggest mistake they can make is not educating themselves about roofing and the problems you are trying to solve with a new roof,” says Goulet. “All too many times a homeowner gets advice that may have been sound 20 years ago, but with the ever-changing science behind roofing and improvement in materials, what was good 20 years ago has been improved dramatically.”

There are eight basic types of roofs on the market. Each has its own special composition, look and uses. Here’s a practical tour of roofing materials, including the eight most popular in the U.S. and one more that is being used in Europe.

Roofing Material: Asphalt Shingles

Moss and mold can grow on and damage asphalt shingles. Photo courtesy of Wisconsinart.

When considering asphalt shingles, homeowners find that there are many advantages. There are a lot of choices when it comes to manufacturers, styles and colors. This popular roof covering is inexpensive, easy to fix and resistant to fire. The least expensive are the three-tab variety, and the most expensive are the stylish architectural kind, which are extra durable.

Asphalt shingles, which are appropriate for just about any style house, offer a lifespan of 15 to 30 years. Disadvantages include their tendency to scar, susceptibility to moss and mildew and unfavorable environmental effects.

Roofing Material: Wood Shingles

Wood shingles provide a natural look as they slowly weather to light grey and mix in nicely with the environment. This durable roofing material can last up to 50 years if maintained properly. Easy to fix and replace, wood shingles provide your home with a modicum of insulation. They fit in nicely on historic, rustic and contemporary homes as well as cottages, ranches and bungalows.

However, homeowners need to post up additional cash for these expensive shingles and they are high maintenance. If not tended to properly, wood will often split, rot and be compromised by mold and mildew. Pressure treated wood shingles, which are the most expensive, are best in terms of fire resistance.

Mike Grassie, the owner of the roofing firm Miken Sons in Nottingham, NH, notes that professional installation is definitely required with wood shingles. He says, “Wood shingles are certainly trickier than asphalt. A good do-it-yourself person can install them successfully, but they vary in thickness and it’s important that the installer uses the right size and type of nail.” Grassie adds, “Plus, unlike asphalt, these shingles can have a tendency to split if not dealt with properly. Finally, the quality varies a lot and that means you really have to know what you’re doing when you purchase wood shingles.”

Roofing Material: Metal

Metal roofing can take on various looks and styles and wears well. Photo courtesy of Dmitry Kalinovsky.

Metal roofing materials include those made from steel, tin, copper and aluminum. This durable, lightweight roofing has a 50-plus year lifespan and requires little upkeep. It comes in a range of styles, looks and colors and is friendly to the environment.

Metal shingles, which may be installed over existing roofs, can cover just about any model or style of home. They hold up well in all kinds of weather, including extreme conditions. Drawbacks are expense, difficulty in installation and the need to paint them as they reveal wear.

Roofing Material: Tile

Tile roofs go well with specific home styles, including Mediterranean, French, Spanish, Mission, Southwest and Italian. These attractive tiles come in various styles and colors. If maintained properly, they are durable, lasting about 30 years.

Because tile roof coverings are heavy, they can be problematic if there’s not enough support. They may require extra underpinning. Additionally, they are expensive, installation and restoration can be difficult and tile may crack when walked upon.

Roofing Material: Slate

Slate roofing has a stylistic look that is unique and attractive. It offers a long lifespan, from 60 to 125 years, and is fireproof. Slate is not for every house but this low maintenance roofing does look great on chateaus and Italian, French and Colonial abodes.

Slate roofing is expensive, demands expert installation, and shingles are difficult to anchor. Like tile, slate is heavy and requires extra support. Thus, costs can start to escalate with this material.

Roofing Material: Concrete

Concrete, which is fiber-reinforced roofing, comes in many colors and styles, taking on the form and look of tile, stone and wood. Overall, it is light, resistant to pests and fire and very tough. Although concrete is easy to maintain, the high-quality brands are expensive. Product quality varies a lot. You certainly pay for what you get with this roofing material.

Roofing Material: Hot Mopped Asphalt

This type of roofing is limited in terms of application as it’s only appropriate for flat-roofed, modern California-style dwellings. Although it is inexpensive and offers ease in repair, hot mopped asphalt is a health risk to installers and exudes an undesirable odor.

Roofing Material: Engineered Rubber or Plastic

This is one of the newest kinds of roofing on the market. Engineered rubber or plastic, which may be incorporated into just about any type of home, last 30 to 50 years, is low maintenance and cost effective.

It comes in a constantly evolving range of colors and styles, which includes bright reds, blues and greens. Made from recycled materials, it is durable and lightweight.

Roofing Material: Eco-roofs or Green Roofs

These attractive roofs are not seen very often in the United States but have been used in Europe for more than 30 years. Attractive and demanding little maintenance, this roof system is composed of soil and vegetation, which filters and recycles rainwater and helps keep homes cooler in the warm months. Installation is limited to moderately sloped and flat roofs. Eco-roofs require a substantial investment of funds.

One Recommendation

Goulet is clear about his preference when he says, “As far as wear and tear go for roofing materials, we would have to pick Metal Roofing and particularly aluminum roofing with hidden fasteners such as a snap lock standing seam metal roof. This material is very durable; it stands up to the abuses of the sun, it is basically self-cleaning in the winter, which will prevent ice dams from forming and it would take a pretty serious hail stone to penetrate the actual material.” He adds, “Some people may not care for the aesthetics of a metal roof, but if they are looking for a roof they can install and basically forget about for the next 50 plus years; metal would be the way to go.”

However, the most popular choice according the Goulet and Grassie is still asphalt. The range of styles and colors and price are appealing to the consumer. Plus, it is the comfortable fallback when a homeowner is considering his/her options.

Choosing Your Roofing Material

In determining what is the right roof for your home, you’ll need to take various factors into consideration, including lifespan, expense, durability, maintenance requirements and the style of your home.

Plus, Goulet notes that it is essential homeowners either know what they are doing when installing a roof or hire someone who does. “You can buy the most expensive shingle, metal panel and best underlayment there is, but if you choose an unqualified contractor to install it you may as well just thrown your money away.”

Asphalt is the most popular of all choices due to the fact that it’s inexpensive, comes in a many different styles and colors and is easy to install. Before choosing your roof, decide what your priorities are, shop around and ask questions.

Buying a Home Area Rug

Fabian — Mon, 01 Aug 2011 19:11:00 GMT

Buying a Home Area Rug

Shopping for a home area rug is not quite the same as shopping for home appliances. There are no BTU ratings or parts warranties, and the concept itself is different-- generally, buyers are looking for style over necessity. If you do choose to upgrade your decor and personalize your home with an area rug, assess your living space for size and color considerations. Area rugs can pull all individual elements of a room together or add a touch of character with color and warmth. From a practical standpoint, these rugs can protect and even enhance the beauty of hardwood floors, or cover up flooring flaws like a stained carpet.

Whether your purchase is a long-term investment or a simple, cheap way to update your home's decor, knowing what you're looking for will help you decide. Consider material, size, durability, workmanship, extra enhancements, and overall style as essential steps in choosing your perfect area rug.

Purchasing an area rug should, first and foremost, be based on instinct. If you are not drawn to a rug the same way you might be to a piece of art for your home, then it is probably not the right choice for your space. A rug can say as much about you as any of the framed pictures or table adornments used to personalize your home. Buying a rug can allow you to add flare to a simplified furniture set-up or neutralize a crazy color scheme.

The first step in your shopping process, then, should be deciding on the purpose of your rug. Do you need something to quiet the patterns on your wallpaper, or to highlight the reds in your wood paneling? Or are you looking to cover up that nasty coffee stain? Armed with answers to these questions, you can move to the next steps: choosing materials, size, and style

Silk, Nylon, & Wool Area Rugs

Material choice affects the rug's longevity, stain-resisting properties and, most importantly, its look and feel. There are natural fiber options like wool, sisal and cotton as well as synthetic options. Carefully assess the texture of the rug to determine if the material is appropriate for low or high traffic spaces, your feet and your budget.

Natural Fibers

Wool is generally regarded as the best choice of the natural fibers for durability and longevity, while other natural fibers are considered better than synthetic for the same reasons.
High quality wool is durable, soft to the touch, and easy to clean, making it ideal for high traffic areas such as a hallway. Wool also holds dye better than the other natural fibers, which means a wool rug will be more fade resistant. Additionally, wool is resistant to dust mites and is recommended for allergy sufferers. Antique rugs made of wool demonstrate the inherent value of the material. The best Oriental and Persian rugs are made of wool, and, as expected for any object of high quality, are more expensive than rugs of other natural fibers.

Silk is a second high quality, natural fiber choice and is a beautiful addition to any home. Bear in mind that silk is extremely delicate and must be treated as such. It is ideal for meeting aesthetic rather than functional needs.

Cotton, like wool, is a soft fiber option, but it is less durable than wool. Buyers can find cotton rugs in a variety of styles, colors, shapes and textures. For more immediate decorating or functional needs, cotton is a great option, but if you would like to make a long-term investment with this purchase, wool is still reliable. Caring for a cotton rug is simple, as some are even machine-washable. A wool/cotton blend rug will have you reaping the benefits of wool's longevity with a smaller price tag and different texture.

Sisal and seagrass are durable, firm natural fibers appropriate for rugs in high traffic areas. Providing a casual, earthy tone to your room, sisal and seagrass rugs generally have an element of subtlety, outlined by fabric borders. These types of fibers are less expensive than wool, but still offer a natural textile option.

Jute rugs are generally soft, though they are available in a variety of textures. Less expensive than wool (and less durable), jute is still resilient and fairly long lasting, more so than cotton.

Synthetic Fibers

Synthetic fibers provide cheaper, stylistic options than natural fibers, but cannot match the longevity or overall quality of wool or cotton. Finding synthetic material rugs in your decided pattern or color may be easier than finding the same in natural fibers.

Nylon, the most popular synthetic choice, is stain resistant and durable. It requires little overall maintenance and is appropriate for high traffic areas. Available in many styles and colors, nylon fibers mimic the look of wool, making it an ideal choice if you love the look, but can't swing the price of a wool rug.

Acrylic and Polypropylene rugs are resistant to sunlight, stains and mildew and are great choices for areas of high humidity or overall moisture, like sunrooms. These materials are generally used for decorative, rather than functional, purposes.

Rug Style: Oriental, Persian, Braided, Shag, & More!

Determining size

Rug size should be a straightforward choice. If you are trying to highlight any part of the room, including the rug itself, a foot of floor space outside of the rug should be exposed. Of course, if a rug is meant for under a table, all four legs should rest with ease within the rug's borders. If the rug is to be used under a dining table, measure the tables' ends and add up to four feet to each, to accommodate the movement of the dining chairs. While room and rugs size will vary, 6' by 9' is a common choice. For accent rugs, 2' by 3' should suffice.

Style Central

Consider the rest of the room, your furniture style, the rug's function and budget when selecting a style. Fibers, colors and shapes are major contributing factors to a rug's overall style. If you are searching for something tastefully contemporary, a solid color cotton rug will suit your needs. If your style is formal, but not flashy, an antique oriental is appropriate. If you want to achieve a country style, a braided rug complements your space. Jute and sisal rugs reflect an earthy feeling, while intricate silk reflects a classy, delicate sentiment.

Review the decorating purpose of the rug. Know if you are trying to create a focal point or simple accent for the space, or if you are trying to define groupings of furniture. Making a bold statement with a colorful or patterned rug is tempting, but first assess the rug's function. If it will be hidden under a table or couch, perhaps uniform patterns and colors are best. If the rug will be a focal point, a more extravagant pattern or a medallion shape center will amplify its effect.

In choosing a style, don't abandon the practical reasons for your rug. Hiding food and drink spills under your dining room table is best achieved with a patterned rug, while protecting the floor in high traffic areas is best achieved with natural fiber, high durability rugs.

Because pattern, color and style choices can be overwhelming, we've outlined some common styles and types below.

Oriental and Persian Rugs

Oriental rugs, made in Asia, are primarily made of wool or silk. They have colorful and varied patterns and are generally flat-woven or hand-knotted, making the workmanship unparalleled. Persian rugs have similar workmanship qualities, but are traditionally manufactured in Iran. Persian and Oriental refer more to the design of the rug than the place of origin. The more intricate the design or pattern of these rugs, the more expensive they will be, as this translates to higher concentration of knots, and so, more work for the maker. Antique or handmade Oriental and Persian rugs are considered precious and must be bought from an experienced, well-reviewed dealer to ensure quality and authenticity.
Though beautiful in a way most rugs cannot purport to be, Oriental and Persian rugs are also a great practical choice. Patterns hide dirt or stains and accent rooms; high quality wool is durable and comfortable. Oriental and Persian rugs are meant to be both treasured and treaded upon.

Braided Rugs

Braiding a rug consists of weaving the rug's outermost strands over and under the inner strands, creating a traditional colonial appearance. As with other styles, wool is the highest quality material, but cotton and synthetic fibers are also popular choices. Braided rugs are versatile, welcoming, and sometimes reversible.

Shag Rugs

Once used to line staircases at disco clubs, shag rugs can now create a fun, stylish look with a soft, cozy feel. The highest quality are 100 percent wool, but mixing wool with synthetic fibers will significantly lower the price of the rug without a noticeable decrease in quality or soft texture.

Natural/Earthy Rugs

Jute, sisal, and seagrass rugs are casual and often sold without dye, since inherent imperfections add to their natural character appeal.

Handmade Rugs and Protecting Your Purchase

Workmanship influences the quality and the longevity of any rug. Handmade rugs are more valuable than their machine-made counterparts. Quality is indicated by knots per inch-- the higher the number, the more intricate and detailed the rug will be. High quality Oriental rugs may boast up to 1,000 knots per inch, but 100 to 300 knots per inch is fairly standard for most designs. Look for designs that are distinct, have defined edges and are formed with a tight and even weave. Cotton, wool and jute should always feel soft, while sisal and seagrass should feel firm and dense.

If you are buying an expensive rug, like a hand-knotted Persian, as an investment, seek out well-known, reputable dealers and brands. Ask if a Certificate of Authenticity is available, as it is important for insurance purposes and value appraisals.

Padding Your Purchase

A high quality rug pad will protect your floor from scratching and staining, increase the longevity of your rug and provide extra noise reduction and cushioning. Rug pads prevent the rug from slipping, either under your feet or your vacuum. Most rug retailers sell rug pads, so ask for one of a similar size and complementary material.

Pricey Tread

There is no standard price for an area rug. They can range from $50 for a cotton 2' by 3' throw to tens of thousands for antique Orientals. Handmade, high quality wool rugs are the most expensive (in the $1,000 plus price range), while synthetic, machine made rugs are much cheaper. Better workmanship and materials and larger size will drive the price higher.

The Bottom Line

Purchasing an area rug can add a significant style element to any room you choose. Sizing is simple, while choosing a style is more complicated, but function and aesthetics sometimes need to go hand-in-hand. Get to the heart of why you want the rug and then research designs and colors that both interest you and can achieve the purpose of the purchase. Beauty may be in the eye of the beholder, but discussing your options with a reputable dealer is always a sound decision.