Heating & Cooling Buying Guides

EPA Guidelines for Residential Fireplaces

Andrew — Wed, 31 Aug 2011 15:31:00 GMT

EPA Guidelines for Residential Fireplaces

These days, fireplaces are used primarily for aesthetic effects and secondarily as a supplemental heating source in houses and other dwellings. Wood is the most common fuel for fireplaces, but coal and densified wood "logs" can also be burned. The user also intermittently manually adds fuel to the fire. Fireplaces can be divided into 2 broad categories: 1: Masonry (generally made of brick and/or stone, assembled on site, and integral to a structure) and 2: Prefabricated (usually made from metal, and installed on site as a package with appropriate duct work).

Masonry fireplaces typically have large fixed openings to the fire bed as well as dampers above the combustion area in the chimney which help limit losses of heat when the fireplace is not being used. Some masonry fireplaces are designed or retrofitted with doors and louvers to reduce the intake of combustion air while they are being used.

As mentioned, prefabricated fireplaces are usually equipped with glass doors and louvers to reduce the intake of combustion air, and some are surrounded by ducts through which floor level air is drawn by natural convection, heated, and then returned to the room. Many varieties of prefabricated fireplaces are now available on the residential market. One general class is the freestanding fireplace, the most common variety of which consists of an inverted sheet metal funnel and stovepipe directly above the fire bed. Another class is the "zero clearance" fireplace, an iron or heavy-gauge steel firebox lined on the inside with firebrick and surrounded by multiple steel walls with spaces to allow for air circulation. Some zero clearance fireplaces can be inserted into existing masonry fireplace openings, and for this are sometimes referred to as "inserts".

Some of these units are equipped with close-fitting doors and have operating and combustion characteristics that are similar to wood stoves. Masonry fireplaces usually heat a room through radiation, and a significant fraction of the combustion heat is lost in the exhaust gases and through the fireplace walls. Moreover, some of the radiant heat entering the room goes toward warming the air that is pulled into the residence to make up for that which is drawn up the chimney. The net effect is that masonry fireplaces are generally inefficient heating devices. And in cases where combustion is poor, where the outside air is cold, or where the fire is allowed to smolder (thus drawing air into a residence without producing significant radiant heat energy), a net heat loss may occur in a residence that is using a fireplace. Fireplace heating efficiency may be improved using several methods that either reduce the excess air rate or transfer back into the residence some of the heat that would normally be lost in the exhaust gases or through the walls of a fireplace.

As noted above, such measures are commonly integral design features in prefabricated units. As a result, the energy efficiencies of prefabricated fireplaces are slightly higher than those of masonry fireplace models.

Emissions And Controls

Fireplace emissions, caused mainly by incomplete combustion, include particulate matter (PM)(mainly PM less than 10 micrometers in diameter [PM-10]), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOC). Significant quantities of combustibles that are not burnt are produced because fireplaces are inefficient combustion devices, having high uncontrolled excess air rates and without any sort of secondary means of combustion. The latter is especially important when wood burning because it contains highly volatile content matter, typically 80 percent by dry weight.

External Combustion Sources

Hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) are a minor, but potentially important, component of wood smoke. A group of these HAPs known as polycyclic organic matter (POM) includes potential carcinogens such as benzo(a)pyrene (BaP). POM results from the combination of free radical species formed in the flame zone, primarily as a consequence of combustion that is incomplete. Under reducing conditions, radical chain propagation is enhanced, allowing the buildup of complex organic material such as POM. The POM is generally found on or in smoke particles, although it is probable for there to be some sublimation into the vapor phase.

Carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions are all produced during wood combustion in residential fireplaces. Most of the fuel carbon in wood is converted to CO2 during the combustion process, but because of the inefficient combustion, low combustion temperatures, and large amounts of excess air, a much higher ratio of carbon monoxide to CO2 is produced in an open fireplace burning wood than in airtight wood stoves or wood-fired boilers. This formation of carbon monoxide combined with incomplete combustion acts to slightly reduce CO2 emissions when compared to other types of wood combustion. However, CO2 emitted from this type of source may not increase the total atmospheric CO2 because emissions may be offset by the uptake of CO2 by re-growing biomass.

During the combustion process, nitrous oxide is formed through a complex series of reactions and its formation is dependent upon many factors. Although no test data is available, it is assumed that N2O emissions from residential fireplaces would be significantly higher than either or commercial wood-fired boilers or wood stoves because of the combination of low combustion temperatures and high amounts of excess air.

Methane emissions are at their highest during periods of low-temperature combustion or incomplete combustion, both of which occur frequently in residential fireplaces. VOC emissions for residential fireplaces are high compared to other wood combustion sources. Typically, conditions that favor the formation of N2O also favor emissions of CH.

Another important constituent of wood smoke is creosote. This tar-like substance will burn if the fire is hot enough, but at insufficient temperatures, it may leave deposits on surfaces in the exhaust system. Creosote deposits are a fire hazard in the flue, but they can be reduced if the chimney is properly insulated to prevent creosote condensation or if the chimney is cleaned regularly to remove any buildup.

To decrease PM and CO emissions from fireplaces, combustion needs to be improved. Combustion efficiency improves as the burn rate and flame intensity increase. Non-catalytic fireplace inserts reduce emissions by directing the unburned hydrocarbons and CO into an insulated secondary chamber, where mixing with fresh, preheated makeup air occurs and combustion is then enhanced.

Emissions from fireplaces are highly variable and are a function of operating practices and many wood characteristics. In general, conditions which promote a fast burn rate and a higher flame intensity enhance the secondary combustion, thereby lowering emissions. Conversely, higher emissions will result from a slow burn rate and a lower flame intensity. Such generalizations apply particularly to the earlier stages of the burning cycle, when significant quantities of combustible volatile matter are being driven out of the wood. Later in the burning cycle, the charcoal that remains burns with relatively few emissions.

Gas Logs Buying Guide

Andrew — Tue, 30 Aug 2011 21:18:00 GMT

Gas Logs Buying Guide

The ambiance of a flickering fire in the fireplace can take the edge off a hectic day and soothe away stress. For those of us with limited time or energy, building a welcoming fire isn't always a simple task. But there is a solution to be had. Install a set of gas logs into your fireplace and you can enjoy a fire in seconds, whether for an hour or an entire evening. Gas logs are easy to use, require very little maintenance, and enhance the aesthetic appeal of a fireplace, whether it's turned on or off!

Clean, Convenient and Comfortable

A gas log set is comprised of a gas burner covered in "firewood" made from a fire-proof molded refractory cement, molded ceramic fibers or extruded bisque ceramic clay, depending on the model and manufacturer. Gas logs, whether vented or vent-free, are a perfect way to enjoy a gas fire in an existing wood burning fireplace, and they are a good choice for a fire with little mess or impact on the environment. The addition of a gas log set can reduce the amount of work associated with building a fire while helping protect winter air quality. But, the best feature of gas logs is the convenience of enjoying the fire instantly. In addition to easy ignition options, there are many ways to control the flame height and the look of the fire as well as the available warmth, whether manually or using a remote control.

Installation Requirements are Minimal

Vented and vent-free gas logs can be professionally installed in most factory-built or masonry wood burning fireplaces as long as the fireplace and chimney are in good condition, and natural gas or propane gas is available. While vent-free gas log sets require careful consideration in the sizing department, they also provide more installation options.

Wood's Identical Twin

One of the biggest choices when selecting a gas log set is deciding on the style of "firewood". The logs within a gas log set are designed to mimic actual wood and are available in many varieties, including oak, pine, birch, walnut, and manzanita. Some manufacturers even produce driftwood gas log sets. When creating a log set, manufacturers use actual stacked firewood to form the mold. The cast logs are then detailed, usually by hand, with authentic colors and bark textures, including forked branches, knotholes and ax marks. To perfect the finished look, manufacturers engineer burner systems to replicate the dancing flames of a fire complete with a bed of glowing coals and embers.

Choosing a Gas Log Set

Much like any other appliance, it is important to spend the time to select the gas log set that best fits your needs. Before making your final decision, make sure you visit a specialty retailer for experienced advice. A specialty retailer is a trained gas log expert. They can arrange for the safe and reliable installation of a gas log set by a certified professional installer. Specialty retailers are also the best source of information about proper maintenance requirements and how to correctly operate a gas log set.

Gas Log Checklist

Information to consider when selecting a gas log set:

Type

There are two types of gas log sets: vented and vent-free. Within these two types, there are three kinds of materials used to create the logs: molded refractory cement, extruded bisque ceramic clay and molded ceramic fibers. In addition to the logs, each log set generally includes a burner system and a grate.

Size

Gas log sets generally range in size from 12 to 60 inches wide. The height and depth of log sets varies by manufacturer. The size of a vented log set is dictated by the available flue size, while the size of a vent-free log set is dependent more on the room size (or series of rooms) in which it will be installed as well as the size of the fireplace.

Location

Gas logs are approved for installation within most open masonry or factory-built wood burning fireplaces as long as the fireplace and chimney are clean and in proper working condition. A fireplace must be able to accommodate the height, width and depth of the gas logs with approximately six inches of clearance on all sides. For vent-free gas logs, sizing requirements are essential for proper operation and a hood may also be necessary to reflect heat.

Venting

When using a vented gas log set, the damper must remain open when it is in use. To reduce heat loss, it is a good idea to install a set of glass doors to close off the firebox when the logs are not being used. Vent-free gas logs are designed to operate with the damper closed.

Features

Features include easy-to-use ignition systems, including manual (light with a match), standing pilot light, electronic ignition, and remote controlled. Operation is either manual or automatic with a wireless remote control or a remote location switch. Gas log sets also come with wood style grates, glowing embers and sand granules for underneath the logs.

Style

Gas logs are cast to resemble many types of firewood. Wood types are often available in both split stacked and whole log stacks. Another element of style is the look of the flame, which is controlled by the burner design.

Installation

To ensure the safe and reliable installation of a gas log set, it is recommended that a specialty retailer and a certified professional installer perform all installation tasks. In addition to assessing the construction of the existing fireplace, the professional will make sure that the installation meets all state and local codes, and that the chimney is in good working order. A professional installer will also know about what products are available in a state or local area. It is also important to note that gas log sets are not allowed in recreational vehicles.

Maintenance

Gas log sets burn very clean and require little upkeep or maintenance. Because safety is an important issue, we recommend that a gas log set be professionally serviced every year to ensure top performance, and that all vents used with vented log sets be inspected on an annual basis by a chimney sweep certified by the Chimney Safety Institute of America. The installation of a carbon monoxide detector with all gas hearth products is also strongly advised.

Fuel Requirements

Natural gas and propane are the fuels available for gas logs. Natural gas is the most widely used, while propane is often used where natural gas is not available. When using propane, a standing pilot light option is required.

Average Cost

The price of the unit itself is only part of the total cost of owning a gas log set. Other requirements include the cost of the gas line (if not already plumbed), installation, annual fuel costs and annual maintenance. If the gas line is needed, it will be necessary to contact a qualified plumber or contractor.

Gas Log Benefits

Minimal installation and maintenance requirements.
Clean, convenient and easy fire in literally seconds.
Authentic wood-like flame with embers.
Installation for heat, ambiance or both.
Helps to protect winter air quality.

Gas Stove Buying Guide

Andrew — Wed, 24 Aug 2011 15:19:00 GMT

Gas Stove Buying Guide

The main features of gas freestanding stoves are ambiance and convenience. With a push of a button, or the turn of the thermostat, the glowing, dancing fire in a gas stove is instantly warm and tremendously soothing. Then, just as quickly, the fire can be turned off! Gas stoves are both beautiful and efficient, serving as heaters as well as interior design elements. And today, gas stoves can help people with older central furnaces save money on the cost to heat their home. The most exciting of these newest gas stove features is how much the fire looks like a real wood burning fire!

Options In Gas Stoves

There are three different types of freestanding gas stoves top vent, vent-free or direct vent. Within these categories there is a wide range of sizes available with varying heating capabilities. This full menu creates a wide variety of options for people interested in adding a gas stove to their home. But, the best benefit to gas stoves is the flexibility of installation which makes it easy to add a gas stove to just about any location in your house.

The Look & Feel of Wood Burners

The viewing window plays a big role in the enjoyment of gas stoves today because of the beauty of the flames. Advanced burner technology has lead to the development of gas stoves that feature large, dancing yellow flames and glowing red embers that resemble a wood fire so closely, even die-hard wood burners have a hard time telling them apart. This authentic "wood-like" appearance is also improved by intricately molded and hand-crafted and painted logs that look just like fresh cut wood.

Zone Heating Saves Money

You can save money on heating costs through "zone heating." With this concept, a gas stove is used to heat only a specific area of a home, such as family room or living room. In homes with older central furnaces, zone heating with a gas stove can help reduce fuel consumption, conserve energy and save dollars while keeping comfortable. The most exciting part of zone heating using a gas stove is how they provide a wonderful, penetrating heat that furnaces can't beat, along with an aesthetically pleasing fire.

Styles for Every Home

Gas stoves can be purchased in a huge array of designs, finishes and colors. Many manufacturers produce stoves that reflect certain architectural styles, such as Art Deco, Contemporary, Mission, French Country and Early American. Brushed metals and high gloss porcelain enamel in dozens of colors are also frequent design elements on gas stoves, while marble, granite or soapstone panels add interest texturally. A gas stove can also add appeal and blend easily into the interior design scheme of any room.

Choosing a Gas Stove

Much like any appliance, it is important to invest the time into selecting right gas stove to fit your needs. Before you make your final choice, be sure to visit a specialty retailer for experienced advice. A specialty retailer is a trained gas stove expert. He or she can arrange for the safe and reliable installation of a gas stove by a certified professional installer. Specialty retailers are also a great resource of information on how to correctly operate a gas stove and what is required for proper maintenance.

Fact Sheet for Gas Stoves

Information to consider when selecting a gas stove:

Type

There are three types of gas freestanding stoves: top vent, direct vent and vent-free. Choosing the right type of stove is dependent on your regional climate as well as the age and construction of your home and the amount of heat required.

Size

Gas stoves can range from small to very large, but choosing a size is based more on the amount of heat the stove needs to generate. One key to selecting the right stove is determining the desired heat level in the rooms that will require heat.

Style

A wide variety of designs, finishes and colors are available to fit in with virtually any room daccor. These include contemporary, colonial and traditional styles; high gloss enamel paint, textured metals, stone panel insets and legs versus pedestal bases.

Features

The delivery of heat from most gas stoves is controlled by use of a wall thermostat, although some can be operated with remote control devices. Other features include variable speed blowers and glass doors that allow a full view of the fire. Adjustable flame height and heat output are additional options.

Location

A gas stove must be installed a specific distance away from combustible materials such as drapes and doors. The distance from a wall will vary from stove to stove, but can be as little as four inches depending on the type of stove.

Venting

Gas stoves can be top-vented through an existing chimney or B-vent aluminum gas pipe, or can be direct-vented through the wall behind the stove or through the ceiling above the stove. Vent-free gas stoves do not require any venting.

Installation

To ensure the safe and reliable installation of a gas stove, it is recommended that people use a specialty retailer and a certified professional installer to perform all installation tasks. In addition to assessing the construction of a house, the professionals will be able to obtain the necessary building permits and make sure that the installation meets all local and state codes. In some situations, installation areas need to accommodate a hearth pad underneath the stove.

Maintenance

Gas stoves burn very clean and require little maintenance. But, because safety is an issue, we recommend that a gas stove be professionally serviced at least every two years to ensure top performance, and that all chimneys and vents are inspected on an annual basis by a chimney sweep certified by the Chimney Safety Institute of America. Gas stove owners can also help with maintenance by performing routine tasks such as cleaning the blower motor and the viewing glass.

Fuel Requirements

Natural gas and propane are the fuels available for gas stoves. Natural gas is the most widely used, while propane is often chosen when natural gas is not available. In many cases, stoves can operate on either type of fuel but are installed to operate on only one. After installation, some gas stoves can be converted to burn the alternate fuel with the help of a conversion kit.

Average Cost

The price of the unit itself is only part of the total cost of owning a gas stove. Other additionals include the cost of the chimney and/or installation, annual fuel costs and maintenance.

Benefits of Gas Stoves

Convenient and instant fire.
Enjoyable and penetrating radiant heat.
Realistic wood-like flames.
Zone heat helps save money on heating costs.
Thermostatically-controlled heat.
Flexible installation options.

Hearth Product Fuels

Fabian — Sat, 20 Aug 2011 21:19:00 GMT

Hearth Product Fuels

The radiant heat and dancing flames of a fire in a fireplace or a freestanding stove can create a relaxing and peaceful gathering place within a home. To help everyone be able to achieve this ambiance and warmth, there are now a wide variety of hearth products designed to be suitable for almost any home design and lifestyle. One of the most exciting components of hearth products is the variety of fuel options available that make the installation of fireplaces, fireplace inserts, stoves, masonry heaters and log sets possible in almost any home in North America.

Choosing the Right Fuel

Selecting your hearth product fuel depends on many factors: the cost and availability of the fuel, desired heat output and efficiency, maintenance requirements, and the expected appearance of the fire. Another factor to consider is local air quality regulations that determine what types of hearth products can allowed to be installed within a particular area.

Available Hearth Product Fuels

Wood

This renewable, non-fossil fuel is abundant throughout North America and is available by cord (128 cubic feet) or by face cord (66 cubic feet) through independent firewood dealers. People can also cut their own firewood on their personal property or in conjunction with local forest management programs. There are two types of firewood: hardwoods and softwoods. No matter what type is selected, it is critical that all firewood be dried for at least six months before it is used ("seasoned" firewood).

Wood Burning Hearth Products: Fireplaces, Freestanding Stoves, Fireplace Inserts and Masonry Heaters
Benefits of Burning Wood: Low-cost heat; provides independence from utilities during power outages; produces minimal smoke with use of EPA-certified or Clean Burning hearth products; provides the ambiance of real wood fire; readily available and renewable fuel that helps reduce threat of global warming; security.

Gas

Propane (otherwise known as LP or "liquefied petroleum gas") and natural gas are the two types of gas used in hearth products, and are both fossil fuels. Many cities throughout North America have natural gas utility companies that deliver the fuel underground to homes. Propane gas is generally delivered by private suppliers and is stored above ground in a cylindrical container on a person's property near the home. Propane is used mostly in rural areas where piped natural gas is not available.

Gas Hearth Products: Freestanding Stoves, Fireplaces, Fireplace Inserts, Gas Log Sets
Benefits of Burning Gas: No visible emissions; convenient and instantaneous fire; enjoyable and penetrating radiant heat; thermostatically-controlled heat levels; easy and flexible installation; realistic "wood-like" flames.

Pellets

Pellets are a renewable, non-fossil fuel made from 100 percent compressed sawdust. This fuel was developed in the 1970s as a way to use the leftover waste wood from manufacturing processes. Pellets are an extremely efficient way to burn and can be purchased in 40-pound bags from specialty retailer locations as well as some grocery and home stores. A distinct advantage of pellet fuel is the ability to lock in fuel costs at the beginning of the heating season.

Pellet Hearth Products: Fireplace Inserts, Freestanding Stoves
Benefits of Burning Pellets: Low-cost heat; lock-in annual fuel costs early in the season; lowest level of emissions for wood burning; automated wood fire; easy to use; flexible for installation areas.

Coal

Coal is a fossil fuel like propane and natural gas. Anthracite is the most commonly used coal fuel for home heating because of its high heating value. Coal provides a controllable, even heat and can sometimes be burned in a wood stove if the manufacturer designed it to be a dual fuel stove. Washed, bagged coal is a regionally available fuel.

Coal Hearth Products: Fireplace Inserts, Freestanding Stoves
Benefits of Burning Coal: Controllable, even heat; low-cost fuel with low emissions.

Manufactured Firelogs

Like wood pellets, manufactured firelogs are designed to be low emissions alternatives to burning real firewood in fireplaces and wood stoves, and are made from waste sawdust. There are two varieties of manufactured firelogs: sawdust and a wax/sawdust blend. Both of these products are available for use in Traditional and Clean Burning fireplaces, but only the sawdust firelogs are recommended for use in EPA-certified fireplaces and wood stoves.

Manufactured Firelog Hearth Products: Fireplaces, Freestanding Stoves (sawdust only)
Benefits of Burning Manufactured Firelogs: Convenience, low-cost, ease-of-use, reduced emissions, reduced creosote production.

Electricity

A new category in hearth product fuels, electricity has shifted from being a only a supplemental fuel to being used as a primary fuel for fireplaces. Electric fireplaces are an attractive option for condos, apartments, offices, hotel lobbies and other places where there is an interest in fire with, or without, heat.

Electric Hearth Products: Fireplaces and Freestanding Stoves
Benefit of Electricity: Ambiance, optional heat, installation flexibility and no emissions.

Corn

Corn is the newest hearth product fuel on the market and is a great example of an alternative, non-fossil fuel using available resources. Corn is either burned in a stove specifically designed to burn the fuel, or is burned in approved models of pellet stoves mixed in with wood pellets.

Corn Hearth Products: Freestanding Stoves
Benefits of Burning Corn: Low cost, low emissions, convenience where fuel is available.

Making the Final Selection

Before selecting a hearth product for your home, you will need to choose a fuel type. For educated assistance in making that final decision, we highly suggest you visit a specialty retailer in your area for expert advice. A specialty retailer is trained to assist you in this selection process and help you learn all the necessary details.

Hearth Product Fuel Cost Comparisons

Firewood: $90-$350 per Cord; Oak 26,000,000 Btus $5.77-$13.46 Cost per M/Btus** per Cord*. Pine 16,000,000 Btus $9.38-$21.87 Cost per M/Btus per Cord

Natural Gas: $.60-$2.25 per Therm 100,000 Btus per Therm $5.00-$22.50 Cost per M/Btus

Propane: $1.00-$3.25 per Gallon 93,000 Btus per Gallon $10.80-$34.95 Cost per M/Btus

Pellets: $150-$250 per Ton 8,000 Btus per Ton $8.33-$13.89 Cost per M/Btus

Fuel Oil: $.75-$2.75 per Gallon 140,000 Btus per Gallon $5.35-$19.64 Cost per M/Btus

Electricity: $.08-$.26 per KWH 3,412 Btus per KWH $23.45-75.68 Cost per M/Btus

*Btu = British Thermal Units
**M/Btus = Million British Thermal Units

Ceiling Fans Buying Guide

Andrew — Thu, 18 Aug 2011 16:43:00 GMT

Ceiling Fans Buying Guide

Ceiling fans can be a great addition to any home or room. They can provide a room with comfortable air movement, appropriate lighting, and a nice decorative touch. Choosing the proper ceiling fan or fans for your home is an important decision. This guide will help you better understand the way ceiling fans work, and the will highlight the different styles and options available.

Why Purchase A Ceiling Fan?

The main purpose for a ceiling fan is to provide ventilation and to improve air circulation throughout a room. Proper air circulation is beneficial because it can improve the effectiveness of your home cooling system during warm weather and your home heating system during cold weather.

For cooling purposes, the breeze created by the ceiling fan will bring the cool air to you and create a "wind chill". The "wind chill" will make your environment seem cooler than the actual temperature of your home. Therefore, you can set your thermostat at a higher temperature in the warm summer months for energy savings and still remain comfortable.

Our grade school science classes taught us that light warm air rises above cold dense air. For heating purposes, the ceiling fan will circulate the air to bring the warm air back down from the ceiling so that you can enjoy it in your living space. Therefore, you can set your thermostat at a lower temperature in the winter to save energy.

Styles of Ceiling Fans

There are three major ceiling fan styles: traditional hanging propeller ceiling fans, directional ceiling fans, and rotational ceiling fans.

Traditional Hanging Propeller Ceiling Fans

The traditional hanging propeller ceiling fan is what people normally think of if you mention a ceiling fan. The fan hangs perpendicular from the ceiling and the blade rotation is parallel to the floor. There are hundreds of these fans available in various finishes, blade quantities, blade sizes and there are endless lighting fixture options to fit every home daccor, room size, and room function. Basic traditional ceiling fans are typically the least expensive of all three styles. Popular brands include Casablanca, Hunter, and Progress Lighting.

Directional Ceiling Fans

Like traditional propeller ceiling fans, directional ceiling fans hang from the ceiling. The difference is that directional fans have the capability of being manipulated to hang at a particular angle to better ventilate a specific area rather than an entire room. These fans are desirable when only one area of a room requires additional ventilation and no additional lighting is required.

Rotational Ceiling Fan

A rotational ceiling fan is a combination of the first two styles of ceiling fans: traditional propeller ceiling fan and directional ceiling fan. Rotational ceiling fans are normally provided with one or two sets of propellers that rotate independently.

In rotational fans, each set of propellers is provided with its own motor which makes a complete fan. The rotational fan in the photo above is provided with two sets of propellers (or fans). The fans are attached to a horizontal support rod which rotates on a vertical axis. As the propellers turn, the horizontal support rod turns. The position of each fan motor housing can be adjusted to increase or decrease its angle to the horizontal support rod. The entire unit is designed so that horizontal support rod will turn faster when the fan motor angle is increased. Ultimately, the axial rotation speed about the vertical support bar is dependent upon the fan motor speed and the fan motor angle to the horizontal support rod.

Rotational ceiling fans are claimed to circulate air more efficiently for heating and cooling purposes than the traditional propeller ceiling fans. They also tend to be more expensive than traditional propeller ceiling fans.

Available models of rotational fans are the Duplo-Dinamico and the Vent-Bettina by the Matthews Fan Company.

Features to Consider

Lighting

With the exception of directional ceiling fans, most ceiling fans can be provided with integral lighting fixtures or lighting kits. These can incorporate lighting fixtures with a single bulb or multiple bulbs and lighting can be directional (up, down, and/or adjustable) or simply decorative.

Some manufacturers, such as Casablanca, design their fans to be part of a series of lighting fixtures (with the same decorative features) so that you can decorate a room or your entire home using the same lighting fixture theme.

When choosing a fan with an integral lighting fixture or lighting fixture option, consider the use of the space where the fan will be located and the level of lighting that is required. For instance, bright lighting is usually essential for a kitchen or bathroom, whereas low lighting or dimmed lighting is more desirable in a bedroom. Some fans are even designed to use halogen bulbs for bright, natural lighting.

Controls

The original and traditional ceiling fan controls have always been pull chains, light switches, and fan direction switches for manual and local control. These features are still popular and universally available. The industry is now offering hand-held or wall-mounted remote controls that can allow you to adjust the fan speed, direction, and/or the light level. Some remote control packages allow multiple fans to be controlled from a single controller. Computerized controllers can also be purchased to automatically adjust the fan speed based on the time of day/night and cooling/heating requirements.

Consider special fan controls before purchasing your fan to make sure that the controls you require are compatible with the fan that you are planning to purchase.

Decorative Features

Ceiling fans can be purchased to fit any designer's needs. They can be purchased with very basic designs or very elaborate detail. Many ceiling fans are designed to match a specific theme such as: Arts and Crafts, Contemporary, Victorian, Sports and many more.

Ceiling fans are available in several finish types including decorative metal finishes (pewter, chrome, gold, brass, bronze, antique, etc.) and many types of wood (teak, oak, pine, cherry, etc.) and various painted finishes in every color of the rainbow. To be sure that your ceiling fan finish will be durable, look for a guarantee or claim that the ceiling fan manufacturer uses rust, scratch, and tarnish resistant finishes.

Some manufacturers such as Hunter and Casablanca give you the option to fit your ceiling fan with lighting fixtures and special fan blades for a nearly custom design that will fit your style perfectly. Many different types of ceiling fan blades are available in different designs and finishes that are made to resemble anything imaginable like: palm fronds, boat sails, and baseball bats. Some manufacturers are even expanding their blade horizons to include non-traditional materials such as: rattan, fabric, bamboo, and bead board.

Fan Size

Traditional ceiling fan sizes are measured from the tip of one blade to the tip of the blade opposite it (or the diameter of the fan from blade tip to blade tip). A traditional ceiling fan should be sized based on the size of the room (or the portion of the room) that it will serve. Therefore, a small ceiling fan should be chosen for a small room. Following are some recommendations for approximate ceiling fan sizing:

Room Size	Fan Size
64 square-feet or smaller	32-inch or smaller
100 square-feet or smaller	34-inch or 36-inch
144 square-feet or smaller	38-inch to 42-inch
225 square-feet	44-inch to 46-inch
400 square-feet	48-inch to 54-inch
485 square-feet	56-inch
600 square-feet	58-inch to 60-inch

Rotational ceiling fan assembly sizes are measured from the tip of the blade on the first fan to the tip of the blade on the second fan (where the first fan is opposite the second fan on the horizontal support rod). In the case of the overall rotational ceiling fan having only one fan (rather than two), the fan is measured from the tip of the blade on the one fan to the tip of the horizontal support rod opposite the fan.

Directional ceiling fans are measured across the diameter of the fan propeller or from blade tip to blade tip.

Ceiling Height and Slope

Before buying your ceiling fan, consider your ceiling height and slope (or angle). Most manufacturers recommend that ceiling fan blades be positioned from 7 to 8-feet above the floor for the most effectiveness and best possible creature comfort. Low-profile ceiling fans are available for installations where the ceiling is only 8-feet tall or shorter so that you can maintain the maximum clearance between the blades and the floor. If your ceiling is more than 9-feet tall, optional extension down rods can be purchased for mounting some ceiling fans so the blades remain the correct distance from the floor.

If the ceiling where your fan will be mounted is sloped (or angled) rather than flat, special mounting systems are available for ceiling fans to enable the fan to be installed so that the blade rotation is parallel to the floor rather than to the ceiling.

All extension down rods and mounting systems should be designed to keep the ceiling fan unit from vibrating or wobbling.

Location

Ceiling fans have traditionally been designed for indoor dry locations; however, people are now installing ceiling fans in outdoor locations and places with a considerable amount of humidity. If you are installing a ceiling fan outdoors, consider a fan with a UL (Underwriter's Laboratory) listing specifically for outdoor (wet) or damp locations. If your fan will be in an environment with a considerable amount of humidity (like a bathroom, kitchen, or indoor pool), make sure that the materials of construction prohibit rust formation and mold growth. Keep in mind that painted steel may not be rust resistant if the unit was not finished properly and if the paint becomes scratched or marred.

Price Range

Traditional Hanging Propeller Ceiling Fans

Traditional basic ceiling fans can be purchased for as low as $40 with or without a lighting fixture or lighting kit. These lower priced ceiling fans are usually finished with white paint, have particle board blades, and do not have decorative detailing. On these lower priced models, you may be sacrificing durability along with decorative detail. Durable fans have motors, blades, and lighting that are well-designed and manufactured to last. When purchasing a ceiling fan that you want to last for several years, look for ceiling fans with warranties from manufacturers with nationwide networking service centers.

Fans with decorative metal finishes (like pewter and chrome) and solid wood or other decorative blades can be priced as high as $700.

Directional Ceiling Fans

Directional ceiling fans are not offered by many manufacturers and, therefore, the pricing is not very competitive. Typical directional ceiling fans constructed of stainless steel or with a chrome finish are priced at approximately $400.

Rotational Ceiling Fans

Like the directional ceiling fans, rotational ceiling fans are not offered by many manufacturers and are not competitively priced. The price range for rotational ceiling fans is approximately $700 to $1,200. The price is dependent on the number of motors and type of finish.

Gas Fireplaces: The Joys of Having a Woodless Fireplace

Andrew — Wed, 17 Aug 2011 21:02:00 GMT

Gas Fireplaces: The Joys of Having a Woodless Fireplace

You don't need to put up with splitting, stacking and lighting wood to enjoy the pleasures of a fireplace. Today, you can get the same warm glow and better heat through a clean-burning and efficient gas fireplace. As with most fireplace purchase, a professional installer and inspector are important people to have on your side throughout the process.

Gas Fireplace Basics

Cozying up to a fireplace is warm and comforting and modern gas fireplaces provide the soothing without the splitting, stacking or stocking. Gas fires may not crackle or pop will the same ferocity of wood fires, but modern models create fires that are nearly indistinguishable from wood burning ones. And, like wood, natural gas and propane don't quit when the power does.

A gas fireplace is a factory-built firebox featuring a glass face for viewing. While some are purely for aesthetic purposes, some are important room-heaters and some are even heater-rated, meaning they provide heat output similar to that of a central furnace. Gas fireplaces are rated by their power output (in general, think 5 BTUs to heat each cubic foot of space) and are classified by gas and vent types. Natural gas and propane are similar, but not the same; natural gas tends to burn cleaner, leaves fewer residues and cost less to operate given existing gas lines and energy costs. In places where natural gas is not cheaply and readily available, propane may be more popular.

Fan the flames, so to speak, with a quality ventilation system. Venting occurs in one of two ways-either naturally (through the roof) or directly (through the wall.) The main difference between the systems is where they allow the unit to be installed. Obviously, the options are endless with a direct vent system, as through-the-wall venting can occur anywhere in the room. Another option, vent-free, is less recommended, as it can cause residue and moisture build-up and most areas do not have regulations to accommodate this type of system. However, if you do choose a vent-free option, installation flexibility increases, as these units can even be recessed into a wall.

Sizing Up the Gas Fireplace

Size considerations for a gas fireplace generally refer to how much output will be required for the given space. As mentioned above, a general rule is 5 BTUs per cubic foot of room space, but that doesn't always indicate the physical size of the unit or its vent opening. Speak with your specialty retailer to be sure you purchase a unit with a size that makes sense for to your home, especially if the unit is vent free.

Installing Gas Fireplaces and Maintaining Them

Installation and maintenance of a gas fireplace is not nearly as labor intensive as that of a wood-burning fireplace. To install, consider your existing gas source and ventilation system, the space you plan to heat and your local regulations and codes. Professional installation is almost always required, so discussing reputable contractors with your specialty retailer is always recommended.

While gas fireplaces produce little residue and therefore require little cleaning, at least one annual professional cleaning and inspection is advisable. The inspector will check the gas line, ventilation ducts, thermostats, controls, heat output and fans and blowers, should you choose to have them. Additionally, the certified professional will check your carbon monoxide detector, which should be installed with any fuel-burning unit.

Looks Matter

Gas fireplace appearances vary widely, from the ultra-modern, which feature clean, sharp mantle edges, to contemporary, with their curved, alternative frames. For a traditional look, choosing a fireplace with one open face and customizing with a log choice is recommended. Some fireplaces come with two, three, or four glass sides for added viewing and ambience. While the actual look of the unit is important, don't neglect the effect that mantle and hearth choices can have on the appearance of the room.

Gas Fireplace Prices

Gas fireplaces vary in price depending on ventilation system, heat output, style, extra features and geographic location. Location affects operating and installation costs, which are difficult to quantify without considering your home's insulation and the heat you will use. Other specifications affect the price of the unit itself. For a very basic, three-sided, vent-free unit, expect to pay $400 to $500. More high quality direct or natural vent units equipped with such luxuries as remote temperature controls may cost between $900 and $1500, on average.

The Bottom Line

Installing a gas fireplace is a clean, efficient way to bring heat and light to your space. Though there are many factors to consider, including style, power and fuel type, the most important is always safety. Read our EPA guidelines summary, check your local regulations and discuss your options with your specialty retailer and recommended contractor before making your final purchase.

Outdoor Fireplaces Buying Guide

Fabian — Wed, 17 Aug 2011 16:17:00 GMT

Outdoor Fireplaces Buying Guide

There is nothing quite like the atmosphere created by an open sky, twinkling stars and a warm fire. Many people now bring their living areas into the outdoors and choose an outdoor fireplace to provide warmth on cool summer or winter nights. There are many fireplace designs to choose from and this guide will help you determine which fireplace style will best meet your needs.

Outdoor Fireplace Styles

There are several different designs of outdoor fireplaces available today. These designs are generally variations of four different fireplace styles: chiminea, fire pit, fire ring, and conventional fireplace.

Some manufacturers disagree on the naming convention for each fireplace style. During your search for the perfect fireplace, you may find similar styles from different manufacturers called completely different names. Even so, knowing how to compare these four different styles can help you make a more satisfying purchase.

Chiminea

Chiminea is similar to the Spanish word "chimenea", which means "fireplace" or "chimney". Most chimineas have a large belly with a single opening on the front and a tall chimney with an opening at the top. Some chimineas have multiple openings in the belly or may be open all the way around (with a grating). The important aspect of a chiminea is its overall ventilation concept. The design of the chiminea allows for an efficient cross-draft that promotes proper burning of the wood as well as proper venting of the smoke.

The advantage of a chiminea is that it is somewhat portable and that the chimney safely removes the smoke from the area of the fire-gazers for their comfort and health.

Chimineas were originally fabricated from clay, but modern chimineas can be made from cast iron, cast aluminum, or copper. The classic chiminea has a round Hispanic or Southwestern decorative design and is usually labeled by the retailer or manufacturer as such. Some chimineas may have straight lines and rectangular or pyramidal designs and may be labeled as a "fireplace" or a "firebox" rather than a chiminea.

Fire Pit

There are several different types of fire pits available, and some manufacturers disagree on what constitutes a fire pit. Some manufacturers call their fire pits "fire bowls" while others call their fire pits "fireplaces". To help avoid confusion, this guide will consider a fire pit to be a bowl, pot, or a pit type of structure (without a chimney or vent) used to contain a fire. Fire pits may be constructed with an open flame or a grill covering for cooking or spark protection.

The advantage of purchasing a fire pit is that most basic fire pits are somewhat inexpensive (depending on the materials of construction) and they are either portable with wheels or can easily be picked up and moved after their initial installation. (The exception here being fire pits constructed of masonry materials). The disadvantage to owning a fire pit is that the construction is not conducive for efficient wood burning or venting, which may make for a very smoky night out.

Fire Ring

A fire ring is similar to a fire pit with the exception that the fire ring is placed directly on the ground around a camp fire. The purpose of the fire ring is to simply contain the burning logs and, in some models, provide a cooking surface.

The advantage of purchasing a fire ring is that they are extremely portable and inexpensive. They can also be used with a grating for cooking. The disadvantage to a fire ring is that it can only be placed directly on the ground, can create quite a bit of smoke, and may be more prone to causing injuries than fireplaces with covers that are well above the ground level and in the line-of-sight.

Fireplaces

This style of fireplace (shown in the picture on the right) is what most people think of when they think "fireplace". The outdoor fireplace is similar to an indoor fireplace, complete with doors and/or spark screen for protected viewing of the flames, louvers for heat control, and interior masonry or flame-resistant surfaces for durability and aesthetics. Most outdoor fireplaces of this kind are purchased as a unit that does not include the exterior surrounding brickwork, mantle or hearth.

The advantage of purchasing this style of outdoor fireplace is that it allows for efficient burning and venting of smoke (or products of combustion) away from you and your neighbors. This fireplace style completely and safely contains the fire while allowing the fire to effectively provide radiant heating to a seating area. The disadvantage of this style of fireplace is that it is usually more expensive than other styles. This style is also larger than other styles of outdoor fireplaces and requires permanent and more complex installation which may require the help of a contractor.

Features to Consider

Fuel Type

There are three basic types of fuel to consider when chosing an outdoor fireplace: wood, natural gas (NG) and liquid propane (LP). Fireplaces labeled as "gas burning" can be fabricated to be fueled by either natural gas or liquid propane. If you enjoy outdoor living and the smell of burning logs, you may opt for a wood burning fireplace. If you enjoy the atmosphere that an outdoor fire brings, but want to avoid the messy ash and smoke of a wood burning fire, natural gas or propane may be a good choice for you. If you are considering natural gas or propane, be aware that the natural gas option requires the installation of piping to get the gas from your home to the outdoor fireplace. The propane option may require piping from a large propane tank that is either adjacent to or some distance away from the fireplace. Similar to an outdoor gas grill, some fireplaces are also designed to receive a small propane tank dedicated to the fireplace itself.

Materials of Construction

Outdoor fireplaces need to be constructed to withstand the heat of a roaring fire as well as the cold and rain of the outdoors. Fire pits and chimineas that are constructed of thin painted steel or clay are usually not as durable as those constructed of stainless steel, cast iron or cast aluminum. Therefore, these should be carefully cared for and possibly even stored indoors during the cold winter months.

Copper is often chosen for its durability, rich color and shine. If you are considering copper as a material of construction, keep in mind that copper will not stay a fresh, shiny copper color for very long. After a few uses, the material will dull and patina (turn a grayish-greenish color).

If you are selecting cast iron for its durability, be aware that cast iron does rust and you may be instructed by the manufacturer to perform periodic paint touchups to the surface.

Portability

Some outdoor fireplaces are portable while others are stationary. Many fire pits are actually fabricated with wheels so that they can be easily moved around your property. This quality can be very attractive for people who have several areas in their yard suitable for outdoor entertaining, or live in climates that require such a fireplace to be stored indoors when not in use.

Because fire rings are smaller than other fireplace styles, fire rings are great for portability and are ideal for campers who like to travel for their outdoor adventures. In addition, some fire rings are constructed for portability by being easily folded or dismantled for travel.

Chimineas and some fire pits can be moved once they are initially placed on your property, but their size and weight may make it very inconvenient to move them often.

Cooking Surface

If you enjoy entertaining and cooking outside, you should consider integrating an outdoor cooking surface into your outdoor fireplace. Many fireplaces come with grills or attachments to make outdoor cooking simple and enjoyable. Some even offer fire pit/patio table combinations that bring the cooking surface and the fire glow right to the dining table.

Size and Location

When considering which fireplace style to purchase, you should consider the size and potential location of your future fireplace. Some units are small and can be placed almost anywhere, but some are very large and require an additional masonry surround that will add to the overall dimensions. When choosing a large masonry fireplace, verify that there is ample room on your property for installation as well as adequate clearance from your house as well as the houses of your neighbors.

Many manufacturers will provide installation instructions to help you determine the proper site of your potential fireplace. Certain clearances should be maintained from combustible structures as well as windows and air intakes on your house. Consult these instructions before you make your purchase and during installation.

Fire Codes

Many cities or districts have strict fire codes that dictate the allowed style of outdoor fireplace and the clearance from your fireplace to an adjacent property, combustible structure, air intake or appliance. Before purchasing or installing your new fireplace, it is best to either consult the local fire codes for guidance or contact your city or district official.

Price Range

Chiminea

Chimineas typically range in price from $150 to $550 depending on size, material, dÃ©cor, attachments and fuel options. A wood burning, steel chiminea without decorative finishes will cost approximately $150. A wood burning, heavy-duty cast iron chiminea with rain guard and ash pan may range in cost from $300 to $500. A heavy-duty cast aluminum chiminea with decorative finishes may cost $400 to $550.

Fire Pit

Fire pits come in various shapes, sizes and designs and can range in price from approximately $90 to $3,000. Like a chiminea, the price of a fire pit depends on size, materials of construction, design, attachments and fuel options.

A small, basic (approximately 20-inches in diameter) wood burning fire pit constructed of steel with a black coating can be purchased for under $100, while larger sizes with this same basic construction can be purchased for as much as $200. A liquid propane unit with this same construction can cost as much as $300.

Stainless steel and copper wood burning fire bowls can be purchased for as little as $100 and for as much as $300.

More expensive fire pits are fueled with natural gas and are often decorated with a stone veneer that blends nicely with stone landscaping. Fire pits in various sizes and with various types of stone veneer can range in price from approximately $1,500 to $2,500.

The most expensive type of fire pit is constructed as the centerpiece for a patio table. These table/fire pit combinations are mainly fueled with propane and range in price from about $2,000 to $3,000.

Fire Rings

Fire rings normally range in price from $50 for steel rings to $100 for cast iron rings.

Fireplaces

When pricing outdoor fireplaces, remember that the price of the actual fireplace (or fire box) is only a portion of the cost, as it does not include the entire installation. Additional costs will be charged to provide the hearth, mantle, surround and gas connections (if required). The price ranges presented below only include the fireplace unit provided by the retailer.

The price of a fireplace mostly depends on its size and fuel type. Typical sizes for fireplaces by width are 36-inch, 42-inch, and 43-inch.

A 36-inch wood burning fireplace can range in price from approximately $500 to $1,000. A 42 or 43-inch model can range in price from approximately $1,300 to $1,800.

Gas burning fireplaces tend to be more expensive than wood burning fireplaces and range in price from $1,500 to $2,300, with larger units priced at the more expensive end of the spectrum.

Air Conditioner Guide: Everything You Need to Know About Air Conditioners

Andrew — Tue, 16 Aug 2011 16:02:00 GMT

Air Conditioner Guide: Everything You Need to Know About Air Conditioners

In the dog days of summer, most people choose to remain indoors rather than brave hot sidewalks and sunburns. But when the first serious heat wave arrives and shelter can't even be found indoors, stores sell out of relief in hours, sending hundreds of air conditioners on their way. As a result, people will often purchase whatever is available, with little regard for its specifications to the buyer's needs-- even that yellow-tinged sputtering job in the back of the local hardware store. Many people don't head to the store with home measurements and electric bills in hand and, as a result, end up with something that just doesn't quite fit. But with a little preparation it is possible to purchase a unit that meets the needs of both the consumer and the space, whether it's an entire duplex or one small bedroom.

Air Conditioner Basics

Air conditioners have both cooling and heating mechanisms. The cooling half blows cool air into the room, while the heating mechanism involves venting hot air out of the room. All types of air conditioners function according to this basic principle and are made up of the same basic components. The compressor compresses the coolant and raises pressure and temperature. The hot coolant runs through hot condenser coils in order to dissipate heat and condense into a liquid. An expansion valve causes the coolant to expand and evaporate into a cool gas, and then the low temperature coolant runs through cold evaporator coils, cooling the surrounding air. Fans are also a main component of air conditioners as they constantly circulate inside air over the cool coils and blow outside air over the hot coils, dissipating heat more effectively.

An air conditioner's power capacity is generally rated in BTUs, or British Thermal Units, with most room air conditioners falling between 5,000 and 30,000 BTUs. The practical effectiveness of a unit may vary depending on outside factors including how many people are in the space being cooled, what other electronics are functioning within the space and outside temperature. In general, a 5,000 BTU air conditioner will effectively cool a room of 100-150 square feet, 6,000 BTUs will cool a space of 150-250 square feet, 7,000 BTUs will cool a space of 250 to 300 square feet, and so forth. To estimate the necessary BTUs, find the square footage of the given space and multiply it by 35.

The recommended BTU rating, however, is not always applicable. For example, if the air conditioner will be in a room shaded from the outside, reduce the BTUs by 10%. If the space is exposed to ample sunlight, increase the BTUs by 10%. For a room that is regularly used by more than two people, add about 600 BTUs per person. For cooling a kitchen, add 4,000 BTUs (in consideration of heat generated by appliances such as the oven, stove and microwave.)

To find the EER, or energy efficiency rating of an air conditioner, divide the BTU rating by the wattage used. A higher EER means better energy efficiency, but also impacts the unit's price. Look for the Energy Star label to confirm a purchase with the most energy efficiency.

With the knowledge of different components and the importance of BTUs and EERs in the selection of the proper unit, the buyer must now decide which type of air conditioner will best suit his or her needs. The main difference between types of air conditioners is simply how the components are arranged, but knowing these differences can be especially important in deciding which unit is the correct choice.

The Different Types of Air Conditioners

Window Unit Air Conditioners

The most common type of air conditioner is the generic window unit. Because these are designed to fit into standard windows that slide up and down, and window size is a large variable, size is an especially important factor in considering this type of unit. Measuring the height and width of the space reserved for the unit will ensure that the buyer doesn't purchase a unit that cannot be used.

Installation generally involves little more than opening the window, propping the air conditioner into the space and closing the window to hold the unit in place. In some cases, the edges of the air conditioner must be secured using screws in the window frame. Additionally, heavier units will require the preparation of added support. More powerful air conditioners are also larger and heavier and the installation of such may require more than one pair of hands.

Window units, also referred to as room air conditioners, generally have a cooling capacity of between 5,000 BTUs and 30,000 BTUs, with the most common being between 5,000 and 10,000 BTUs. Prices begin at around $100 for units with lower BTUs, and may reach $1,000 for significantly higher BTU ratings. Generally, one can expect to pay between $250 and $400 for a unit with a 10,000 BTU rating. (Look for sales at both the beginning and ending of the summer season.)

Casement Unit Air Conditioners

Although casement unit air conditioners are sometimes more difficult to find, windows that slide side to side necessitate this type of air conditioner. BTU ratings and installation are similar to regular room air conditioners, but because of a more limited selection, the price range is higher. In general, a casement air conditioner will cost $300 to $500.

Through-Wall Unit Air Conditioners

Through-wall air conditioners require a more complicated installation. This type of unit is installed into an outside wall of the house. The hole in the outside wall is lined with a metal sheath, which provides support for the unit. The installation of a through-wall air conditioner without this metal sheath can lead gaps through which cooled air can escape to the outside. Many through-wall air conditioners will act as window air conditioners if the homeowner does not want to install it through the wall, but the general advantage of this type of unit is that it does not occupy window space. (To insulate this unit during the winter months, measure the opening and purchase the appropriately sized insulated air conditioner cover.) Like window units, through-wall air conditioners are available with BTU ratings between 5,000 and 30,000, with prices ranging from $100 to $1,500.

Central Air Conditioners

Central air conditioners cannot be used in all homes and are only an appropriate choice if there is sufficient ductwork to allow the air to flow throughout the house. If the house's heating system involves electric heat or hot water baseboards and radiators rather than ducts, central air cannot be installed without an even larger price tag. If the ducts are available, installation tends to require a professional, causing largely varied prices.

Ductless Split Unit Air Conditioners

The ductless split system air conditioner places the air compressor outside of the house, connected through a small hole through the wall to the interior cooling unit. The location of the air compressor will reduce noise significantly. Ductless split units, which have an approximate BTU range from 10,000 to 30,000, are pricier than window units and typically require professional installation.

Portable Unit Air Conditioners

A comparatively new development, portable unit air conditionerss are ideal for rooms without windows, or with windows that cannot support the weight or size of an air conditioner. As the name indicates, these units are easily moved from room to room, especially convenient for those who would like to forgo multiple installations. These units use an exhaust system to vent the heat produced by the air compressor. The exhaust is then vented through attached tubes that can be set up to move air through a nearby window. Most portable units have between 7,000 and 30,000 BTUs of cooling power, although some units are much more powerful (and more expensive). Prices range from about $300 to over $10,000.

Portable air conditioners are not to be confused with portable air coolers, which use an entirely different method of cooling. In general, coolers do not have BTU ratings, because the technology has varying efficiency depending on conditions.

Rather than using an air compressor and condenser like an air conditioner, a cooler's mechanism involves a water tank and evaporation, useful in areas of low relative humidity, especially because the cooler itself acts as a humidifier. (Conditioners have a dehumidifying effect.) A cooler also uses less electricity and creates less noise than a conditioner. Approximate prices range from $80 to $150.

Air Conditioner Size, Strength, and Features

Armed with knowledge of type, technology, price and rating, it is time to head to the store. Final considerations should include overall air conditioner size, strength, and extra features.

Air Conditioner Size

Understanding what measurements to take depends on the type of conditioner required. For through-wall and split air conditioners, be sure to know the exact location of installation and take measurements of that area before making the purchase.

For window air conditioners, consider the inside dimensions of the window before purchasing. Considering the weight of the unit and the window's ability to support that weight is vital to selecting the correct window unit. (This is also important for installation-- the homeowner should be able to lift and remove the unit with minimal strain.) Optimal storage is another important size consideration.

Air Conditioner Strength

If the BTU rating is too low for the given space, the unit will run continuously without effectively cooling the room. This causes extra noise, energy consumption, and overall consumer irritation. An air conditioner with a BTU rating that is too high for the given space will also waste energy. While the space will cool rapidly, the conditioner will also cycle on and of continuously and rapidly, weakening the conditioner's ability to effectively dehumidify, as air circulation is limited. Use the rules described above to choose the perfect BTU rating for the given space.

Air Conditioner Features

Warranty

It is a good idea to supplement any large purchase with a warranty that will cover repairs or replacements for defective units. Some stores offer an extended warranty for an additional price.

Temperature Range and Settings

Digital displays allow for greater control over cooling, and can prevent the nighttime chill that the generic low/high dial models can produce. Consider the temperature increments; the smaller the increments and larger the range, the easier it will be to precisely cool the given space.

Fans

Fan settings affects air circulation and noise. It is important to choose a unit with enough fan settings (in smaller increments) so that it may adapt to changing conditions, such as the outside temperature and time of day (for noise.)

Energy Savers

Many units offer sleep or energy saver settings. These are useful for saving energy (and money!) without turning the unit on and off constantly. The room remains at a temperature that is manageable, allowing it to cool to a comfortable level more quickly when it returns to normal power.

Filters

Air conditioners contain filters that remove dust and other particles from air that is being sent back into the room. Filters should be cleaned or replaced often, so units with a slide-out filter are ideal. Another option is a washable filter, which can save the buyer money.

Additional Functions

Some models include additional conditioner functions like purifiers, or a "dehumidify only" option. A more expensive model might even include heating options. Consider all other characteristics of the room or rooms to be cooled before deciding if these extra features are appropriate or necessary.

Bottom Line

Air conditioners are not one-size-fits-all. Ensure that you aren't the only one without during the next heat wave by doing your research and shopping ahead of time. An air conditioner of the correct size will provide years of quality and comfortable cooling to your home.

What’s the Right Fireplace for You?

pmrockza — Sat, 13 Aug 2011 19:10:00 GMT

What’s the Right Fireplace for You?

Traditional wood-burning fireplace offers a traditional spark.
Photo courtesy of Joao Virissimo

If you’re considering purchasing a fireplace, it’s important to investigate all of your options. There are three basic types of fireplaces on the market and each offers specific benefits. The type that you choose will depend upon a few factors, including the purpose of your fireplace, the amount of money you want to spend and the location in which it is going to be installed.

Fuel Defined Fireplaces

The primary choice any consumer needs to make when it comes to purchasing a fireplace concerns the fuel that it uses. Although most of us probably think of wood burning when we hear the word “fireplace,” the fact is there are two other types of fireplaces that are commonly available.

Three Fuels

Wood fueled
Gas fueled
Electric

John Lavve, the owner of Hearth Designs in Hooksett, NH, a company that specializes in installing fireplaces and stoves, says, “We carry all three types of fireplaces. There’s a demand for each, but the wood-burning fireplace is still preferred. Partly because of the feeling they create for the user. They feel like they’re going back in time or back to nature. However,” he notes, “these are also usually the most expensive.”

Wood Fueled

Wood fueled fireplaces are available in two types—masonry and prefabricated. Fireplaces that are classified under the term masonry are built on site using stone or brick. Prefabricated fireplaces are created in a facility and shipped to dealers. They cost less than masonry fireplaces.

If a homeowner wants something that will help heat their room or house, then neither of these open-hearth fireplaces will do the trick. With both of these fireplaces about 90% of the heat goes up the chimney.

“One of the things that customers are often concerned about is how clean a fireplace burns,” says Lavve. “The EPA has a voluntary tag program that many manufacturers participate in. If a fireplace has an orange tag, then it pollutes 57% less than older models and if it comes with a white tag, that means it burns 70% cleaner than past models.” For those concerned about the environmental effects of a wood-burning model, going with a white tag model offers the best efficiency

Wood Burning Characteristics

Traditional style and feel
Uses wood as fuel
Wood must be loaded in and ashes cleaned out
Fire must be tended to keep burning
Requires venting via a chimney
Of the three, most physically demanding
Of the three, least ecologically friendly
Fuel costs are moderate

Gas Fireplaces

Gas fireplace offers the look of wood without the clean up.
Photo courtesy of Bob Steiner

Many people find that the gas fireplace is a good option when it comes to convenience and cost. There’s no hauling of wood, no messy clean up of ashes and installation is fairly simple.

Scott Brown, the owner of Abundant Life in Chichester, NH, which has been providing a range of services in the field for close to 40 years, explains many of positives associated with gas. “Gas fireplaces give consumers a range of choices,” he says. “That’s made them very appealing. Plus there have been numerous improvements that have helped to make the fire burning element resemble wood-burning models. They are also easy to maintain. There are a lot of pluses.”

There are three basic models—ventless, direct vented and B vent. Ventless models cost the least to install and burn fuel more efficiently, but they are pricier than other models. Those that are vented often cost more to install, but they are overall cheaper to purchase.

The ventless models cost more to purchase due to the fact that are fully burning units, which means they require the mechanism necessary to allow them to safely function without being vented to the outside. They utilize the air within the room and for this reason always have a safety shutoff that will be triggered if there are any problems with the unit. These models are often the choice for homeowners who are installing a unit in an area where venting would be too expensive or impractical.

Those that are vented utilize the venting system to bring in air necessary for combustion and to rid the unit and area of dangerous fumes. The system itself is completely closed, which means there is no use of air from within the environment. This eliminates environmental concerns in the home. Each venting situation is unique, depending upon the location of the unit and the architecture of the home.

If a homeowner desires heat from a gas fireplace, then the first two offer good options. Fireplaces that are not vented burn at an efficiency rate of 99.9%, while those that are vented offer an efficiency rate of 75% to 85%. B vented fireplaces are utilized as a cosmetic device—to help enhance a room’s ambience. These vented units have a very low rate of efficiency, around 30%, with most of the heat being vented to the outside.

Gas Burning Characteristics

Range of choices for easy installation
Easy to maintain
Simple to fire up and to shut off
Many energy efficient models
Clean running
Create the look of wood-burning units
Overall ecologically friendly
Low fuel costs

Electric Fireplaces

Electric fireplaces are the easiest to install and maintain.
Photo courtesy of Mykola Komarovskvy

Electric fireplaces can be used just for the cosmetic look they provide and/or to provide supplemental heat for areas ranging from 400- to 500- square feet. Most of these units, which come in a huge range of styles and create the realistic look of fire, can simply be plugged into the wall. They require no ventilation and usually no additional wiring.

“The electric fireplace is the easiest to install and maintain,” says Lavve. “The range of styles is really extensive. They can match any style of room and type of décor. From Colonial to Contemporary styles, from models with traditional mantels and those that have a very streamlined look, the choices are numerous.”

Models range in price from those that are low-cost to those that are pricier. Lower priced electric fireplaces are more cosmetic, while the moderate to higher priced varieties offer more heating potential.

Electric Fireplace Characteristics

Easy to install
Range of prices
Easy and clean to run and maintain
Flip a switch to turn on and off
Can provide secondary heat source
Will increase electric costs

Making the Right Choice

For the consumer, there are three basic choices when it comes to purchasing a fireplace. If a homeowner wants heat, a ventless gas or electric fireplace make the most sense. If a homeowner wants all of the effects that come with a fireplace that invokes the past, then a wood-burning unit is the way to go.

Of course, price will be a big determiner in what someone decides to do. Shop around, consider what you want, your budget and where the fireplace will live to decide what is the right type for you.

Fireplace Insert Basics

Andrew — Tue, 09 Aug 2011 18:40:00 GMT

Fireplace Insert Basics

To enhance the look, feel, and heating efficiency of an existing wood burning fireplace and to give your space a functional and aesthetic makeover without dropping a fortune and doing a remodel, add a fireplace insert. The installation of an insert can transform an old, rarely used heat source into a convenient, supplemental area heater that can help reduce both energy bills and indoor pollution.

Insert Heat Here - Fireplace Insert Basics

Fireplace inserts are designed to enhance the appearance and improve the efficiency of both mason and factory-built fireplaces. Inserts are generally made from cast iron or steel and come with self-cleaning glass doors that show off firelight in spite of the insulated doors being closed, which increases heat efficiency. Installed by a professional into an existing wood burning fireplace, an insert is primarily categorized by the type of fuel it burns. This can be propane, natural gas or wood.

Venting through a chimney or a direct venting system is recommended, while non-vented options should generally be avoided. Installation and maintenance (including annual inspections) must be completed by a professional, who will secure the correct building permits and ensure optimum efficiency through careful installation.

Older wood burning fireplaces have low efficiency ratings (generally between five and ten percent) as a result of the open combustion design, which allows heated air to be drawn into the fire. An insert is a closed-door system that slows the fire and increases the fire temperature to facilitate complete combustion, resulting in 65 percent efficiency is some cases. An EPA-certified wood burning fireplace insert can provide added efficiency and significantly reduce the emissions from wood burning.

Fuel for the Fire

Fuel type selection will hinge on fuel cost and availability, desire efficiency, appearance, and level of maintenance. Most fireplace inserts sold today are extremely efficient, making the choice preferential and tailored to the consumer's needs. The five fuel options for inserts are pellet, coal, EPA-certified wood, natural gas, and propane.

Other Considerations for Your Fireplace Insert Purchase

Size

Inserts range in size, from very small to very large, and choosing one should be based entirely on the size of the opening of the existing fireplace. Before shopping, measure opening height, opening width, opening depth (top and bottom), rear width and the depth of the hearth, or area in front of the fireplace.

Features

Some inserts may include fans to distribute heat into a room, as well as thermostats and remote controls for overall convenience.

Style

Regardless of the fuel type, inserts are available in a variety of finishes, colors and designs to highlight contemporary, traditional, or creative themes.

More Burn for Your Buck

Because fireplace inserts vary greatly in style, type, size, and quality, there is no specified price range. However, for high quality gas or wood burning inserts, expect to spend $1000 to $2500, plus installation and operation costs, which will depend on the cost of labor and energy in your geographic area.

The Bottom Line

A fireplace insert is a sure-fire way to reduce indoor pollution, update the appearance of a room and provide greater energy efficiency. Simply redesign your current fireplace with an insert, which is easier to install and less expensive than a new unit, and you'll enjoy added ambience and heat throughout your home.

Wood Burning Stoves Buying Guide

Fabian — Tue, 09 Aug 2011 13:43:00 GMT

Wood Burning Stoves Buying Guide

Why a wood stove? The answers are simple: they are a comforting, economical and environmentally friendly. Whether it's the warm glow of the fire, the sound of the wood crackling, or the deep penetrating warmth, wood stoves have a way of making people feel relaxed and right at home. Yet, in addition to ambiance, wood stoves today produce a low-cost heat that helps to protect winter air quality and reduce the threat of global warming.

Good News about Wood Stoves

Wood stoves are as popular as ever thanks to over a decade of research and development by stove manufacturers that has since raised the bar for all wood stoves. When compared to stoves sold during the energy crisis of the '70s, wood stoves manufactured since the early '90s are state-of-the-art appliances that produce almost no smoke at all. They are designed to burn wood efficiently with little tending while requiring less firewood and producing minimal ash. And, wood stove construction is now extremely durable and air tight, with clearances to walls that can in some instances be as little as six inches.

Designed for Style

Is your idea of a wood stove a pot-belly stove with a huge black pipe for venting? Think again. Wood stoves are now made from steel, cast-iron or soapstone, and are designed to blend in with a home's interior design. While performance is of the highest concert, wood stoves are manufactured with windows for viewing and are available in many styles and colors (even red!). And, that pipe it's now sleek and colored to match the stove.

As Zone Heaters

Many wood stoves have the capacity to heat an entire house (if the house has good internal air flow). Yet, wood stoves can also be installed as secondary zone heaters that will comfortably heat the areas of a home where the most activity normally occurs. Future wood stove owners will be excited to know that the heat levels can be easily maintained, for even extended periods of time, with little experience.

EPA Certified to Protect Air Quality

In an effort to reduce the amount of wood smoke that impacts neighborhoods and communities, it is required that wood stoves sold after July 1, 1992 are certified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This certification ensures that wood stoves produce less than 7.5 grams of smoke per hour, compared to approximately 42 grams of smoke emitted from the wood stoves manufactured and sold during the '70s and '80s. Certified wood stoves have a label on that back that reads Environmental Protection Agency.

Choosing a Wood Stove

Much like any other appliance, it is important to invest the time into properly choose the right wood stove to fit your needs. Before you make your final decision, visit a specialty retailer for experienced advice. A specialty retailer is a trained wood stove expert. He or she can arrange for the safe and reliable installation of a wood stove by a certified professional installer. Specialty retailers can also provide advice about available firewood, inform you about how to correctly operate a wood stove as well as what is required for proper maintenance.

Wood Stove Checklist

Information to consider when selecting a wood stove:

Type

How a stove functions and also how it generates heat are two central factors to consider when selecting a wood stove. There are two types of low emission wood burning technologies out there: Catalytic or Non-catalytic. There are also three different types of heat generation: Convection, Radiant, or a combination of both.

Size

Stoves can range from small to very large, but size is more about the amount of heat a stove can create (measured in BTUs). The key to selecting the right stove is determining the desired heat level for the area of the house to be heated.

Style

While traditionally wood stoves have been black with gold details, manufacturers now produce a wide variety of styles and looks that have turned wood stoves into an interior design element. Some style choices include the type of base (legs versus pedestal) and varying types of finishes, including various colors, porcelain or tile.

Features

Most wood stoves come with generous standard features: self-cleaning glass, reversible flues and hidden hinges being just some of the possibilities. Many manufacturers also offer optional accessories such as fans, wall heat shields and gold plated accents. Standard and optional features change depending on the manufacturer of the stove and stove model.

Location

A wood stove needs to be installed a certain distance away from combustible materials, such as doors and drapes. The distance from a wall can vary from stove to stove, but it can now be as little as six to twelve inches from a wall depending on the model. In most instances, the chosen installation area also needs to accommodate a hearth pad, made of brick or tile, for placement underneath the stove.

Venting

While wood stoves can be vented through the wall to the outside of the house, the primary venting choice is through an existing chimney or through the ceiling with high-tech piping.

Installation

Does adding a wood stove require a building permit in your area? What will your homeowners insurance allow? What are the specific installation issues posed by the construction of your house, such as the pitch of your roof? These are the some good questions to consider for the proper installation of your stove.

Maintenance

While wood stoves are very easy to operate and user-friendly, they do require a routine maintenance plan. It is recommended that chimneys be inspected annually (and cleaned as necessary) by a chimney sweep certified by the Chimney Safety Institute of America. Other annual maintenance items include the replacement of seals and gaskets while more routine tasks include the touch up of external paint and the removal of ash.

Fuel Requirements

The best fuel for wood stoves is seasoned firewood. This refers to firewood that has been split and dried for at least six months. The firewood also needs to be stored outdoors, under cover, with enough opportunity for air to circulate.

Average Cost

The price of a wood stove is only part of the total cost of owning a wood stove. Other requirements include the cost of the chimney, installation, annual fuel costs and annual maintenance.

Wood Stove Benefits

Efficient, low-cost heating for the home.
Independence from utilities when the power goes out.
Clean-burning technology only produces minimal smoke.
Ambiance of real wood fire.
Firewood is a readily available and sustainable fuel.

A Helpful Guide to Purchasing the Right Fireplace

Andrew — Thu, 04 Aug 2011 18:59:00 GMT

A Helpful Guide to Purchasing the Right Fireplace

A fireplace brings warmth, ambiance and a general sense of comfort to the home. Just what kind of fireplace is best for your home is dependent upon many factors. A variety of EPA-certified wood burning fireplaces, clean and efficient gas models and simple electric models make the selection wide and the shopping fun. All fireplaces add character, but some also add value to your home. Choose carefully and consider all needs and style preferences before buying and you will end with a purchase that will bring joy to your home for years to come.

An Intro to the Modern Fireplace

Most fireplaces purchased by consumers are designed and built by manufacturers long before the consumer sees them as opposed to being built on site with brick and mortar. Although they might not have that same authentic charm, pre-built fireplaces come in a wide selection and can be easily upgraded. Pre-built fireplaces must be professionally installed and conform to all safety requirements. Factory-built fireplaces usually consist of a firebox within a steel cabinet. Quality units are customizable, featuring mantels or surrounds, glass doors and a variety of finishes.

Your key decision will be whether to buy a wood burning, gas, or electric fireplace. You'll also need to choose the size and style that best suit your needs. Consider the following information to guide you.

Fireplace Fuel Options

Wood Burning

While a wood burning fireplace is unmatched in its traditional beauty and ability to provide the most realistic crackling flame, old style open wood burning fireplaces are pollutants and are banned in some areas as a result. Buying a new fireplace will be less of an environmental battle and more of a testament to your knowledge if you choose a technologically advanced, EPA certified style wood burning option. This will still provide ambiance but add heating efficiency and environmental responsibility.

Installation

Building and safety permits are required for any fireplace construction, so professional installation is highly recommended. For a wood burning fireplace to function safely and efficiently, proper installation is absolutely imperative.

Maintenance

Wood burning fireplaces are significantly more labor intensive than other options. Consider the cost and labor involved in purchasing, splitting and stacking wood. Stocking the fire and clearing ashes are essential maintenance tasks. Harder woods will usually burn longer and help prevent creosote build-up in your flue. Other maintenance requirements include yearly inspection and cleaning by a certified professional.

Gas

Gas fireplaces are popular options because they light with the flip of a switch, making them far more convenient and labor-friendly than wood burning units. Many gas fireplaces come equipped with remote controls and wall thermostats and all are by nature clean burning and efficient. Choosing between liquid propane and natural gas is entirely preferential.

Gas fireplaces come with either no venting system or a direct vent. Direct vent fireplaces use zero-clearance technology, so they don't require the presence of a chimney or foundations, as very little space is needed between the unit and combustible materials. Venting is usually though a wall or roof, allowing more placement options and easier installation than wood fireplaces. Direct vents allow combustible gases to leave the home quickly and with little fuss.

Unvented fireplaces are not recommended, because they allow dangerous byproducts and odors to accumulate in the home and are usually not up to state and local regulations. In addition, moisture build-up can cause mold in unvented units.

Installation

A gas fireplace can be installed wherever a gas line is available, in the center of the room or along a wall. HVAC contractors and licensed plumbers are permitted to run gas lines and it is important to have a licensed professional complete installation so that all safety codes are met.

Maintenance

The Hearth, Patio & Barbecue Association (HPBA) suggests annual professional inspections of the burner, venting, fan, pilot light and thermostat of a gas stove.

Electric

Like a gas fireplace, an electric fireplace will provide ambience and heating with the flip of a switch. It also costs very little to install. Additionally, venting is not required, so an electric fireplace can be installed almost anywhere an electric outlet is available. Many models allow users to turn on the lights without cranking the heat, a great feature for summer use. Other optional features include thermostats, remote controls and adjustable flames.

Installation

No installation is required as long as an outlet is available. This fact makes an electric fireplace a great choice for any room, including a bathroom.

Maintenance
Virtually no maintenance is required for electric models.

Inserts

Wood burning or gas inserts fit into old fireplaces and use an existing flue, sometimes only after small modifications.

Inserts are generally used to update polluting and inefficient open wood burning fireplaces, transforming them into efficient, environmentally sound heat providers.

Installation

Insert installation depends on style and specifications, but will require less cost than installing an entirely new unit. Professional installation is still recommended, since local and state regulations can apply.

Maintenance

Refer to the wood or gas burning section of this guide for your respective insert type.

Weighting Your Options on Fireplace Designs and Style

Convenience

When it comes to convenience, wood fireplaces fall far behind and electric models. Flipping a switch or pressing a button will crank up your gas or electric heat source with little effort, but a wood-burning fireplace requires dry wood supplies, lighting and stocking.

Decor v. Heat

In older models, it may have been necessary to choose between these two main goals. Today, EPA-certified wood burning fireplaces and other fuel options provide both efficient heat sources and subtle atmospheric enhancements. Choosing a fireplace large or small enough to meet your style and heating needs can be difficult. If they come into conflict, prioritize: choose heat if that's your main objective.

Style and Appearance

Regardless of whether a fireplace is wood or gas burning or electric, style varies greatly. The material and style of the mantel or surround and the glass doors will greatly affect the fireplace's overall appearance and relationship to the room. The mantel and surround may be purchased separately from the unit itself. The unit's interior will also influence its appearance. Consider your aesthetic goals: Are you trying to create a clean, sophisticated look, or a rustic, comfortable feel?

Size and openings

Reputable manufacturers will inform you of the necessary size fireplace to heat your space efficiently and experienced contractors may help you choose the right size, especially if you are replacing an existing unit. High ceilings, number of windows, insulation and total square footage play a large part in heating efficiency. A basic rule is that a larger room requires a larger fireplace for heating.

Fireplaces have varied numbers and locations of openings. Traditionally, they are open only on one side, (the front) but common choices now include two sides (see through), three sides (peninsula),or four sides (oasis).

Quality

A high quality fireplace will be solidly constructed from materials like stone, brick and marble. Overall strength, heavy-duty faces and an EPA certification are important for durability and safety. Flame quality in gas and electric units can be an indication of sound workmanship. Top of the line fireplaces may include ceramic glass doors in brass frames, stainless steel construction or heavy-duty steel grates. Features included for efficiency, like heavy-duty doors and blowing fans, are common in high quality fireplaces.

Blowing Smoke and Burning Cash

Fireplace costs vary greatly based on fuel choice, performance, material quality and size. Similarly, installation costs range from very low (as with electric fireplaces, which negate any installation costs, and inserts, which require simple installation), to high (for gas or wood burning fireplaces).

The costs of operating a fireplace can be difficult to quantify since they are relative to energy costs in your area, the availability of wood and your home's insulation. If wood is readily and cheaply available, wood burning fireplaces can be the least expensive to operate.

The Bottom Line

Purchasing a new fireplace is a large undertaking. First, and most importantly, read our guide on EPA regulations and check your local standards. If you choose to go the traditional route, you'll be sitting happily by an authentic, crackling wood fire. If you choose a more modern electric model, you can turn on the ambience but ditch the heat in the summer. Whatever your final decision might turn out to be, ensure it's the right one by carefully assessing factors like style, size, cost, convenience and of course, safety.

Wood Burning Fireplaces Buying Guide

Fabian — Wed, 03 Aug 2011 02:22:00 GMT

Wood Burning Fireplaces Buying Guide

The look, smell and feel of a wood burning fireplace is irreplaceable, and can soothe the soul while generating a deep, penetrating and relaxing warmth within a home. And, thanks to more than a decade of research and development by the hearth industry, there are now wood burning fireplaces that offer benefits well beyond just ambiance. Some of these benefits are heat, convenience, energy independence, security and a cost-effective way to control energy bills, not to mention reduced emissions that can help people burn wood responsibly, which helps to protect winter air quality.

Three Types to Choose From

Adding a fireplace is an easy way to add value to a home and increase resale potential. To provide more options, the hearth industry offers three types of wood burning fireplaces: Traditional, Clean Burning and EPA-certified. A Traditional wood burning fireplace, whether masonry or factory-built, is the type presently found in many homes throughout North America and it is most frequently associated with the standard concept of a wood burning fireplace. The two newer, high-efficiency fireplaces, Clean Burning and EPA-certified (certified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to produce less than 7.5 grams of particulates/hour), are more technologically advanced and offer more benefits to the user.

Choosing the Right Option

Because fireplaces are often the gathering place within a home, it's important to invest the time into choosing the right wood burning fireplace based on your expectations for its performance. If the fireplace needs to provide a substantial amount of heat, the best choices are Clean Burning or EPA-certified. These fireplaces are insulated, closed combustion systems (glass doors need to be closed to operate properly) that burn more efficiently and generate a substantial amount of heat. Due to the economics of firewood, these fireplaces are a fine choices in areas with frequent or sporadic power outages, or where the cost of home heating is an issue. In contrast, traditional fireplaces are open combustion systems (no glass doors needed for operation) and are ideal for occasional fires that produce ambiance, warmth and a little snap, crackle and pop!

Certified to Help Protect Air Quality

EPA-certified and Clean Burning fireplaces are designed to increase combustion efficiency and therefore cause less wood smoke emissions. In some areas where wood burning is regulated, either an EPA-certified or Clean Burning fireplace can be installed and burned all season long. In these types of areas, Traditional fireplaces can sometimes be installed but require that people take the personal responsibility to limit wood smoke emissions by using seasoned firewood or manufactured firelogs.

Selecting a Wood Fireplace

Much like any other appliance, it is important to spend the time to wisely choose a wood burning fireplace. Before you make your final decision, it is in your best interest to visit a specialty retailer in your area for expert advice. A specialty retailer is a trained wood burning fireplace expert. They can help determine what type of fireplace to purchase. They can also arrange for professional fireplace installation, as well as provide advice about available firewood. Specialty retailers are also the best source of information on how to correctly operate a wood burning fireplace and know what is required for proper maintenance.

Wood Burning Fireplace Checklist

Information to consider when selecting a wood burning fireplace:

Type

There are three types of wood burning fireplaces: Traditional, Clean Burning and EPA-certified. Traditional fireplaces can be either masonry or factory-built. EPA-certified fireplaces are constructed much like wood stoves and are factory-built, while Clean Burning fireplaces are either masonry or factory-built.

Size

Wood burning fireplaces can range from small to very large. Choosing a size is based on aesthetic interests, heat requirements and the sizes that are available in each type.

Style

The new breed of wood burning fireplaces includes many styles, including two, three and even four-sided fire views. There are arch-shaped fireplaces and one-panel glass doors that allow full fire views. The long list of finishing options includes a wide range of mantels and facings made from of stone, brick or tile.

Features

Wood burning fireplace features vary depending on the type of fireplace selected. Traditional fireplaces are available with glass doors (not necessary for operation), unique firebacks, and optional fans that circulate the warmth. Clean Burning and EPA-certified fireplaces come with large, self-cleaning glass doors, grates, heat circulation systems and ash dump access. Gas log lighters are also options with some wood burning fireplaces.

Location

A wood burning fireplace can be installed in most North American homes. In some locations there are air quality restrictions that dictate the need for Clean Burning or EPA-certified fireplaces. For all fireplaces, the most common installation location within a home is against an outside wall, although it is recommended that installation within the interior of a home, away from an outside wall, to improve draft and performance.

Venting

Wood burning fireplaces are naturally vented three feet above the roof of a house or a minimum of two feet above any point of the structure within a ten foot radius. Depending on the fireplace selected, this venting can occur through a stainless steel, or masonry Class A type all-fuel chimney system.

Installation

To ensure the safe and reliable installation of a wood burning fireplace, we recommend that everyone use a specialty retailer and a certified professional installer. In addition to assessing the construction of a house, the professional will obtain the necessary building permits and make sure that the installation meets all local and state codes.

Maintenance

While wood burning fireplaces are very user-friendly and easy to operate, they do require some general routine maintenance. We recommend that fireplaces and chimneys be inspected on a yearly basis, and cleaned as necessary, by a chimney sweep certified by the Chimney Safety Institute of America.

Fuel Requirements

The best fuel for wood fireplaces is firewood that has been split and dried for at least six months ("seasoned" firewood). Manufactured firelogs can be used instead of seasoned firewood and can reduce emissions by more than two-thirds (sawdust-only firelogs in all fireplaces and wax/sawdust firelogs in Traditional and Clean Burning only).

Average Cost

The price of the fireplace is only part of the total cost of owning a wood burning fireplace. Other additional costs include the price of the chimney, delivery, installation, annual fuel costs and maintenance.

Wood Burning Fireplace Benefits

Offer ambiance or zone heat, depending on type chosen.
Cost-effective control over heating costs.
Provides heat during power outages.
Use of a renewable fuel.
Minimal emissions help protect the winter air quality.